Characteristics of myopic and hyperopic eyes in patients with antimetropia

Antimetropia is a rare type of anisometropia in which one eye is myopic and the fellow is hyperopic, This optical condition condition permits the evaluation of both sides of the emmetropisation process failure in the same individual by minimising genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate the ocular biometric, retinal, and choroidal characteristics of myopic and hyperopic eyes of antimetropic subjects older than six years. In this retrospective study, myopic and hyperopic eyes of 29 antimetropic patients with a spherical equivalent (SE) difference of at least 2.00D between the eyes were included. Axial length (AL), mean corneal keratometry, anterior chamber depth, the proportion of anterior chamber depth in AL, crystalline lens power, central macular thicknesses, disc-to-fovea distance, fovea-disc angle, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thicknesses, and subfoveal choroidal features were compared between the eyes. The prevalence of amblyopia was determined. Refractive parameters and total astigmatic profile were evaluated in eyes with and without amblyopia. The median absolute SE and AL differences between the eyes were 3.50D (interquartile range:1.75) and 1.18 mm (interquartile range:0.76), respectively (p p = 0.343). The highest interocular SE and AL difference and the highest frequency of anisoastigmatism were observed in patients with amblyopia in the myopic eye. Each ocular structure may respond differently to, or may be affected differently by, ametropic conditions.反向屈光参差（Antimetropia）是一类罕见的屈光参差（Anisometropia）类型，患者一眼为近视，另一眼为远视。该光学特征可通过最小化遗传与环境因素的影响，实现在同一受试者体内观察正视化（Emmetropisation）过程失败的双侧表现。本研究旨在评估6岁以上反向屈光参差受试者的近视眼与远视眼的眼生物测量、视网膜及脉络膜特征。本回顾性研究纳入了29例双眼等效球镜度（SE）差值≥2.00D的反向屈光参差患者的近视眼与远视眼。研究对双眼的眼轴长度（AL）、平均角膜曲率测量值、前房深度、前房深度占眼轴长度的比例、晶状体屈光力、中心黄斑厚度、视盘-黄斑中心凹距离、黄斑中心凹-视盘夹角、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度及中心凹下脉络膜特征进行了比较，并统计了弱视的患病率。此外，本研究还对合并与未合并弱视的患眼的屈光参数及总散光特征进行了分析。双眼间等效球镜度与眼轴长度的中位数差值分别为3.50D（四分位距：1.75）与1.18mm（四分位距：0.76）(p=0.343)。近视眼合并弱视的患者，其双眼等效球镜度与眼轴长度的差值最大，且散光参差（Anisoastigmatism）的发生率最高。不同眼部结构对屈光不正状态的响应或受影响程度可能存在差异。