Table_1_Genetic diversity analysis and fingerprint construction of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) clonal seed orchard.docx

Korean pine is a native tree species in Northeast China. In order to meet the needs of germplasm resource evaluation and molecular marker-assisted breeding of Korean pine, we collected Korean pine clones from 7 populations in Northeast China, analyzed the genetic diversity and genetic structure by SSR molecular marker technology and clustered them to revealed the inter- and intrapopulation differentiation characteristics of each clone. The fingerprint profiles of 161 Korean pine clones were also constructed. 77 alleles were detected for 11 markers, and 18 genotypes were identified on average for each marker. The PIC of the different markers ranged from 0.155-0.855, and the combination of PI and PIsibs for the 11 markers was 3.1 × 10-8 and 1.14 × 10-3, respectively. MANOVA showed that genetic variation existed mainly within populations, accounting for 98% of the total variation. The level of genetic differentiation among populations was low, with an average Nm between populations of 11.036. Genetic diversity is lower in the Lushuihe population and higher in the Tieli population. The 161 Korean pine clones were divided into 4 or 7 populations, and the 7 populations were not clearly distinguished from each other, with only the Lushuihe population showing partial differentiation. There is no significant correlation between the genetic distance of Korean pine populations and the geographical distance of their superior tree sources. This result can provide recommendations for future Korean pine breeding programs. The combination of 11 markers could completely distinguish 161 clones and establish the fingerprint. Genetic diversity of Korean pine clones from the 7 populations was abundant, and the genetic distances of individuals and populations were evenly dispersed. The fingerprint map can be used for the identification of Korean pine clones.

红松（Korean pine）是中国东北本土树种。为满足红松种质资源评价与分子标记辅助育种的需求，我们从中国东北7个种群中采集了红松无性系，采用简单序列重复（Simple Sequence Repeat，SSR）分子标记技术对其遗传多样性与遗传结构进行分析，并通过聚类分析揭示各无性系的种群内及种群间分化特征，同时构建了161个红松无性系的指纹图谱。本研究中11个标记共检测到77个等位基因，每个标记平均鉴定出18种基因型。不同标记的多态信息含量（Polymorphism Information Content, PIC）介于0.155~0.855之间；11个标记的个人识别率（Probability of Identity, PI）和同胞识别率（Probability of Identity for Siblings, PIsibs）分别为3.1×10^-8与1.14×10^-3。多变量方差分析（Multivariate Analysis of Variance, MANOVA）结果显示，遗传变异主要存在于种群内部，占总变异的98%。种群间遗传分化水平较低，种群间平均基因流（Nm）为11.036。露水河种群的遗传多样性较低，而铁力种群的遗传多样性较高。161个红松无性系可划分为4个或7个类群，7个种群间界限并不明显，仅露水河种群表现出一定的分化。红松种群的遗传距离与优树来源地的地理距离之间无显著相关性，该研究结果可为后续红松育种工作提供参考依据。11个标记的组合可完全区分161个无性系并构建指纹图谱。7个种群的红松无性系遗传多样性丰富，个体及种群间的遗传距离分布均匀，该指纹图谱可用于红松无性系的鉴定。