<p>Tower crane structure parameters.</p>

With the expanding deployment of tower cranes in high-altitude environments, the dynamic interference of stochastic wind excitation on load swing has become a critical concern. Conventional crane dynamic models, limited by assumptions of constant wind excitation and fully rigid crane structures, inadequately capture the multi-physics coupling effects among stochastic wind, flexible tower jib, and load swing, resulting in unreliable swing predictions under wind disturbances. To overcome these limitations, this study innovatively establishes a two-way fluid-structure coupling framework integrating tower crane multi-body dynamic model and full-direction wind field model to simulate wind-induced load swing during crane operations. Based on this framework, this study quantitatively reveals load swing behavior during luffing/slewing operations under stochastic wind excitation by clarifying the wind-structure-load coupling mechanism, specifically incorporating effects of time-varying windward pressure and tower jib wind-induced vibration. The results demonstrate that the time-varying windward pressure distribution(the error exceeds 10%) and tower jib wind-induced vibration significantly influence load swing(the maximum offset is 1.82°). Wind speed/direction variations induce obvious behavior deviations in load swing during crane operations, and there is a significant correlation between the changing trend in radial/tangential swing angles of the load under different wind directions. Using two-way fluid-structure coupling, this study quantifies the nonlinear swing behavior of tower crane load subjected to stochastic winds. The revealed mechanisms provide a quantitative basis for developing environment-adaptive anti-swing controllers and high-precision positioning systems in intelligent tower cranes.随着塔式起重机（tower crane）在高空作业场景中的应用日益普及，随机风激励对吊载摆动的动态干扰已成为亟待解决的关键问题。传统起重机动力学模型受限于恒定风激励与起重机结构完全刚性的假设，无法充分捕捉随机风、柔性塔臂与吊载摆动之间的多物理场耦合效应，导致风扰工况下的摆动预测结果可靠性不足。为克服上述局限，本研究创新性构建了融合塔式起重机多体动力学模型（multi-body dynamic model）与全向风场模型（full-direction wind field model）的双向流固耦合（two-way fluid-structure coupling）框架，用于模拟起重机作业过程中的风致吊载摆动现象。基于该框架，本研究通过阐明风-结构-吊载耦合机制，定量揭示了随机风激励下变幅/回转作业（luffing/slewing operations）过程中的吊载摆动特性，其中特别纳入了时变迎风压力与塔臂风致振动的影响。研究结果表明，时变迎风压力分布（误差率超10%）与塔臂风致振动对吊载摆动具有显著影响，最大偏移量达1.82°。风速与风向的变化会导致起重机作业中吊载摆动行为出现显著偏差，且不同风向下载荷的径向/切向摆动角变化趋势间存在显著相关性。本研究通过双向流固耦合方法，量化了随机风作用下塔式起重机吊载的非线性摆动行为。所揭示的耦合机制可为智能塔式起重机的环境自适应防摆动控制器与高精度定位系统研发提供定量依据。