Cement plates and pavers made with waste from the sorting process in Blumenau, SC, Brazil

Abstract This project analysed the physical-mechanical performance of plates and pavers with the incorporation of waste originated from the sorting process in the city of Blumenau, SC, Brazil. The waste consisted of organic waste, polymers, paper, glass and textile materials which were reduced in size (2.4 mm to 19.0 mm) and then used to replace natural aggregate at different ratios: 5%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The consistence of the fresh mortar and the physical-mechanical indices, the apparent specific gravity, water absorption and compressive strength of the hardened mortar were determined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and flexural strength tests were also conducted. The bulk density of the plates and pavers ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 g.cm-3 and 1.78 to 1.84 g.cm-3 respectively. In the case of low incorporation of waste, both materials presented water absorption results that meet the requirements of correlated standards. The plates presented compressive strength values ranging from 4.7 MPa to 14.6 MPa. Flexural strength results reached values between 0.1 MPa and 1,8 MPa. The pavers achieved compressive strength values between 10.8 MPa and 18.7 MPa. Pavers with 5% incorporation of waste aggregates could be used in sidewalks and curbs, as long as future studies are able to demonstrate their durability.

摘要 本项目针对巴西圣卡塔琳娜州布鲁门瑙市城市分选过程产生的废弃物，研究其掺入板材与铺路砖后的物理力学性能。所用废弃物涵盖有机垃圾、聚合物、纸张、玻璃及纺织材料，经粒径缩减至2.4 mm至19.0 mm后，以5%、10%、20%及30%的不同比例替代天然骨料。本研究测定了新拌砂浆的稠度，以及硬化砂浆的表观比重、吸水率、抗压强度等物理力学指标；同时开展了扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscopy）分析与抗弯强度试验。结果显示，板材与铺路砖的体积密度分别介于0.8~1.6 g·cm⁻³与1.78~1.84 g·cm⁻³之间。当废弃物掺量较低时，两种材料的吸水率均满足相关标准要求。板材的抗压强度范围为4.7 MPa至14.6 MPa，抗弯强度达0.1 MPa至1.8 MPa；铺路砖的抗压强度则介于10.8 MPa至18.7 MPa之间。掺加5%废弃骨料的铺路砖可应用于人行道及路缘石，前提为后续研究能够验证其耐久性。