Optimization of Wood Supply: The Forestry Routing Optimization Model

Abstract The main purpose of this paper was to present the Forestry Routing Optimization Model (FRoM) as a version of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). This work approaches for wood logistic problems consisting of simple displacement and multiple displacements of trucks toward the stands. The FRoM encompasses both steps into one single integer mixed linear programming model, considering cranes and trucks schedule, fleet reduction, reduction of overtime, reduction of half-load transportation, and approaching the minimum distance traveled along a fixed planning horizon. Some technique constraints were implemented to provide accurate model function. An executed real problem data was used to compare the outcomes. The objective was to carry and transport 21,881.82 tons of lumber from 10 stands using a total of 48 trucks and 5 cranes in a planning horizon of 6 days, which each day has 20 hours of effective work. The FRoM has performed a fleet reduction of 72.92%, eliminating overtime. It has reduced the half-load trips to the order of 3.17% of all routes. The crane’s analysis allowed catching points of inefficiency due to operational idleness. The FRoM provided savings of 49.12% at all logistic costs. FRoM has shown to be a good option as a route optimizer for forestry logistics.摘要 本研究旨在提出林业路径优化模型（Forestry Routing Optimization Model，FRoM），将其作为经典车辆路径问题（Vehicle Routing Problem，VRP）的一类变体。本研究针对面向林分的卡车单次转运与多次转运类木材物流问题展开建模。FRoM将两类转运场景整合为单一混合整数线性规划模型，统筹考量起重机与卡车调度、车队规模缩减、超时作业管控、半载运输减量，以及在固定规划周期内实现行驶总里程最小化的目标。为确保模型求解精度，研究设置了多项技术约束条件。本研究采用真实运营场景的实测数据开展仿真验证，并对模型效果进行对比分析。本次验证任务的具体参数为：在为期6天、单日有效作业时长20小时的规划周期内，使用48台卡车与5台起重机，完成从10处林分中运输总计21881.82吨木材的作业目标。经测算，FRoM实现了72.92%的车队规模缩减，彻底消除了超时作业；同时将半载运输行程占总行程的比例降至3.17%左右。通过对起重机作业的分析，可精准定位因作业闲置导致的低效环节。FRoM可实现49.12%的整体物流成本节约，证明其作为林业物流路径优化工具具备优异的应用价值。