Studies reporting anthropometric measures.

BackgroundEthiopia has undergone rapid economic growth over the last two decades that could influence the diets and nutrition of young people. This work systematically reviewed primary studies on adolescent nutrition from Ethiopia, to inform future interventions to guide policies and programs for this age group.MethodA systematic search of electronic databases for published studies on the prevalence of and interventions for adolescent malnutrition in Ethiopia in the English language since the year 2000 was performed using a three-step search strategy. The results were checked for quality using the Joanna Bridge Institute (JBI) checklist, and synthesized and presented as a narrative description.ResultsSeventy six articles and two national surveys were reviewed. These documented nutritional status in terms of anthropometry, micronutrient status, dietary diversity, food-insecurity, and eating habits. In the meta-analysis the pooled prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight/obesity was 22.4% (95% CI: 18.9, 25.9), 17.7% (95% CI: 14.6, 20.8) and 10.6% (7.9, 13.3), respectively. The prevalence of undernutrition ranged from 4% to 54% for stunting and from 5% to 29% for thinness. Overweight/obesity ranged from 1% to 17%. Prevalence of stunting and thinness were higher in boys and rural adolescents, whereas overweight/obesity was higher in girls and urban adolescents. The prevalence of anemia ranged from 9% to 33%. Approximately 40%-52% of adolescents have iodine deficiency and associated risk of goiter. Frequent micronutrient deficiencies are vitamin D (42%), zinc (38%), folate (15%), and vitamin A (6.3%).ConclusionsThe adolescent population in Ethiopia is facing multiple micronutrient deficiencies and a double-burden of malnutrition, although undernutrition is predominant. The magnitude of nutritional problems varies by gender and setting. Context-relevant interventions are required to effectively improve the nutrition and health of adolescents in Ethiopia.研究背景 近二十年来，埃塞俄比亚经济实现快速增长，这可能会对青少年（adolescent）的饮食与营养状况产生影响。本研究对埃塞俄比亚青少年营养相关的原始研究（primary study）开展系统综述，旨在为该年龄段人群的相关政策、项目制定及未来干预措施提供参考依据。 研究方法 本研究采用三步检索策略，系统检索2000年以来发表的英文电子数据库文献，涵盖埃塞俄比亚青少年营养不良患病率及干预措施相关研究。纳入的文献采用乔安娜·布里奇研究所（Joanna Bridge Institute, JBI）量表进行质量评价，并以叙事性综述的形式完成综合与呈现。 研究结果 本研究共纳入76篇文献与2项全国性调查进行综述。上述文献从人体测量学（anthropometry）、微量营养素（micronutrient）状况、膳食多样性（dietary diversity）、粮食不安全（food insecurity）状况及饮食习惯等维度，记录了青少年的营养状态。荟萃分析（meta-analysis）结果显示，生长迟缓（stunting）、消瘦（thinness）以及超重/肥胖（overweight/obesity）的合并患病率分别为22.4%（95%CI：18.9~25.9）、17.7%（95%CI：14.6~20.8）及10.6%（95%CI：7.9~13.3）。营养不足（undernutrition）的患病率范围：生长迟缓为4%~54%，消瘦为5%~29%，超重/肥胖为1%~17%。其中，生长迟缓与消瘦的患病率在男性青少年及农村青少年中更高，而超重/肥胖的患病率则在女性青少年及城市青少年中更高。贫血（anemia）患病率为9%~33%。约40%~52%的青少年存在碘缺乏（iodine deficiency）及伴随的甲状腺肿（goiter）发病风险。常见的微量营养素缺乏包括维生素D缺乏（42%）、锌缺乏（38%）、叶酸（folate）缺乏（15%）及维生素A缺乏（6.3%）。 研究结论 埃塞俄比亚青少年群体面临多重微量营养素缺乏与营养不良双重负担，其中营养不足问题更为突出。营养相关问题的严重程度因性别与生活环境而异。需制定贴合当地实际的干预措施，以切实改善埃塞俄比亚青少年的营养与健康状况。