Bioactive compounds in edible flowers of garden pansy in response to irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation

ABSTRACT Edible flowers have been increasingly used in the Brazilian gastronomy because they are considered functional foods with high antioxidant potential. Studies on the management of cultivation of edible flowers to increase the production of bioactive compounds have been developed aiming at the improvement of production systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of bioactive compounds in garden pansy (Viola wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler) plants submitted to different levels of irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a 2x5 factorial design with the presence and absence of mycorrhizal inoculation in combination with 5 levels of water evaporation (120%, 100%, 80%, 60% and 40%) replaced by irrigation, totaling 10 treatments with 6 replicates. The contents of bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and total anthocyanins) present in the flowers, collected over the reproductive period, were evaluated. There was a significant interaction between the factors mycorrhizal inoculation and irrigation levels by F test (p < 0.05) for total flavonoids and anthocyanins. The best results in the production of bioactive compounds were obtained for irrigation at the 100% replenishment level of water evaporation without the presence of mycorrhizal inoculation.

摘要：可食用花卉在巴西美食界的应用日益广泛，因其被视作具备高抗氧化潜力的功能性食品。为优化生产体系，学界已开展针对可食用花卉栽培管理的相关研究，以提升其生物活性化合物产量。本研究旨在评估不同灌溉水平与菌根接种（mycorrhizal inoculation）处理下，三色堇（Viola wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler）植株的生物活性化合物产量。本温室试验采用2×5因子设计的随机区组方案，设置菌根接种与否两个因子，并结合5个以灌溉补充的蒸发水量水平（120%、100%、80%、60%、40%），共计10个处理，每个处理设6次重复。本研究测定了生殖期采集的花朵中生物活性化合物（总酚类化合物、类黄酮及总花青素）的含量。经F检验，对于总类黄酮与总花青素而言，菌根接种与灌溉水平两个因子间存在显著交互作用（p < 0.05）。当灌溉补充水量为蒸发量的100%且未进行菌根接种时，生物活性化合物的产量达到最优水平。