Supplementary Material for: Bladder stone composition in JiangSu region of China: results from 421 stone analyses

Introduction: Accurate analysis of bladder stone composition is essential for appropriate treatment planning and recurrence prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of bladder stone components in our center.
Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis on the composition of bladder stones collected in our center from January 2014 to March 2023 was conducted in the present work. Age, sex and laboratory examination of all patients were collected. Infrared spectroscopy was conducted for stone analysis.
Results: The most common stone component was calcium oxalate (43.0%), followed by uric acid (UA) stone (35.4%), calcium phosphate (12.10%), infection stone (9.0%) and cystine (0.5%). The highest stone prevalence appeared in patients aged over 60 years, and increased progressively with age. Furthermore, patients with UA stones were more likely to have a lower urinary pH. Additionally, patients with infection stones showed higher incidence of urinary tract infections than those with other types of stones. Patients with UA stones had higher average serum UA and creatinine levels. Uric acid stones are more likely to form multiple stones compared to stones of other composition. The volume of infectious stones is larger compared to stones of other compositions.
Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of bladder stone composition, as it can lead to more effective evaluation, treatment, and prevention of stone disease.

引言：精准分析膀胱结石成分对于制定合理治疗方案及预防结石复发至关重要。本研究旨在评估本中心收治的膀胱结石成分特征。
材料与方法：本研究对本中心2014年1月至2023年3月收集的膀胱结石标本开展回顾性分析。收集所有患者的年龄、性别及实验室检查结果。采用红外光谱法（Infrared Spectroscopy）进行结石成分分析。
结果：最常见的结石成分为草酸钙（Calcium Oxalate，43.0%），其次为尿酸（Uric Acid, UA）结石（35.4%）、磷酸钙（Calcium Phosphate，12.10%）、感染性结石（Infection Stone，9.0%）及胱氨酸（Cystine）结石（0.5%）。结石患病率在60岁以上患者中最高，且随年龄增长呈渐进性升高趋势。进一步分析显示，尿酸结石患者更易出现尿液pH值降低的情况。此外，感染性结石患者的尿路感染（Urinary Tract Infection, UTI）发生率显著高于其他类型结石患者。尿酸结石患者的平均血清尿酸及肌酐（Creatinine）水平更高。与其他成分的结石相比，尿酸结石更易形成多发结石；感染性结石的体积则大于其他成分结石。
结论：本研究强调了深入了解膀胱结石成分的重要性，这有助于实现尿路结石疾病更高效的评估、治疗及预防。