Table_3_Rpv29, Rpv30 and Rpv31: Three Novel Genomic Loci Associated With Resistance to Plasmopara viticola in Vitis vinifera.xlsx

Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, the agent of downy mildew, is one of the most important pathogens of European grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Extensive evaluation of cultivated grapevine germplasm has highlighted the existence of resistant phenotypes in the Georgian (Southern Caucasus) germplasm. Resistance is shown as a reduction in disease severity. Unraveling the genetic architecture of grapevine response to P. viticola infection is crucial to develop resistant varieties and reduce the impact of disease management. The aim of this work was to apply a genome-wide association (GWA) approach to a panel of Georgian-derived accessions phenotyped for P. viticola susceptibility and genotyped with Vitis18kSNP chip array. GWA identified three highly significant novel loci on chromosomes 14 (Rpv29), 3 (Rpv30) and 16 (Rpv31) associated with a low level of pathogen sporulation. Rpv29, Rpv30, and Rpv31 loci appeared to be associated with plant defense genes against biotic stresses, such as genes involved in pathogen recognition and signal transduction. This study provides the first evidence of resistant loci against P. viticola in V. vinifera germplasm, and identifies potential target genes for breeding P. viticola resistant grapevine cultivars.

葡萄生单轴霉（Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curt.) Berl. and de Toni）是引发葡萄霜霉病的病原菌，也是欧洲葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）最具危害性的病原物之一。针对栽培葡萄种质资源的广泛评价表明，格鲁吉亚（南高加索地区）的葡萄种质中存在抗病表型，其抗病性体现为病害严重度的降低。解析葡萄对葡萄生单轴霉侵染的遗传机制，对于培育抗病品种、减轻病害防控压力至关重要。本研究旨在对一组经葡萄生单轴霉感病性表型鉴定、且使用Vitis18kSNP芯片（Vitis18kSNP chip array）完成基因分型的格鲁吉亚来源葡萄种质材料，开展全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association, GWA）。全基因组关联分析在14号染色体（Rpv29）、3号染色体（Rpv30）及16号染色体（Rpv31）上鉴定出三个显著性极高的新位点，这些位点与病原菌孢子形成水平降低显著相关。进一步分析显示，Rpv29、Rpv30与Rpv31位点均与植物应对生物胁迫的防御基因密切相关，例如参与病原菌识别与信号转导过程的基因。本研究首次在欧洲葡萄（V. vinifera）种质中发现了抗葡萄生单轴霉的抗病位点，同时为培育抗葡萄生单轴霉的葡萄栽培品种提供了潜在的靶标基因。