Necessity test of single condition of QCA method.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, national innovation faced the challenges of high-risk research and development and intensified trade competition. How to allocate resources reasonably to promote national innovation has become a problem that must be solved. Based on the global innovation index (GII) framework, this study analyzes the influence of national innovation input elements (such as human capital resources, infrastructure, business maturity, etc.) on innovation output from the perspective of configuration, combining with the necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set/qualitative comparative analysis (FSQCA). The research results show that:(1) A single innovation input constitutes the necessary condition and serves as a bottleneck for high innovation output;(2) ITT, HCR, IFT, MS and BS are all “multiple concurrent” and form different configurations, namely, two high-innovation and four nonhigh innovation configurations, that drive national innovation governance is characterized by “different roads leading to the same goals.” (3) As innovation is limited by the income levels of various countries, there are obvious differences in innovation drive paths between high- and low-income countries. Moreover, the configuration of asymmetric relationships with low-innovation output that occurs in high-income countries has unique characteristics. In this study, the influence of the coupling of national innovation input elements on innovation output is explored.

新冠疫情暴发期间，国家创新面临高风险研发与贸易竞争加剧的双重挑战。如何合理配置资源以推动国家创新发展，已成为亟待破解的核心课题。本研究基于全球创新指数（Global Innovation Index，GII）框架，结合必要条件分析（Necessary Condition Analysis，NCA）与模糊集/定性比较分析（Fuzzy Set/Qualitative Comparative Analysis，FSQCA），从组态视角剖析国家创新投入要素——包括人力资本资源（Human Capital Resources）、基础设施（Infrastructure）、商业成熟度（Business Maturity）等——对创新产出的影响。研究结果显示：(1) 单一创新投入要素构成必要条件，是高水平创新产出的瓶颈约束；(2) ITT、HCR、IFT、MS与BS均具备"多重并发"属性，可形成两类高创新组态与四类非高创新组态，驱动国家创新治理的路径呈现"殊途同归"的特征；(3) 由于创新活动受各国收入水平制约，高收入与低收入国家的创新驱动路径存在显著差异，且高收入国家中与低创新产出对应的非对称组态关系具有独特属性。本研究探究了国家创新投入要素的耦合作用对创新产出的影响机制。