Table 2_Applying IoT sensor-based practices to enhance water/nutrient sustainability in potato production.docx

Efficient water and nutrient management are critical challenges for sustainable agriculture, particularly in water-scarce regions. This study was conducted in Kokkinochoria, Cyprus, with four replicates to account for field variability, to evaluate an IoT-connected, sensor-based ferti-irrigation tool (GS) in spring potato production compared with conventional practices (CL). The study provides clear, quantitative data on nitrogen and phosphorus potential losses along with key parameters related to water management. Results demonstrate that the GS approach reduced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) potential losses by over 50%, significantly improved water productivity by 37%, and decreased overwatering by 84%. Despite reduced water/nutrient inputs, tuber yields under GS remained at a high range exceeding 50 t/ha, with no compromise in quality. Although yield per unit of nitrogen supplied remained consistent across treatments, the yield per unit of nitrogen lost varied, highlighting differences in environmental impacts among treatments. Sustainability indicators revealed that the GS approach reduced input costs and labor while increasing gross profit, without compromising yield. These findings contribute to better understanding of how agriculture is evolving IoT-based sensor practices to improve water/nutrient management and reduce their environmental impact in potato cropping systems, which is vital in water-scarce regions.

高效水肥管理是可持续农业面临的关键挑战，在水资源匮乏地区尤为如此。本研究于塞浦路斯科基诺霍里亚（Kokkinochoria）开展，设置四次重复以控制田间变异性，旨在对比评估物联网（IoT）连接的基于传感器的水肥一体化管理工具（GS）与传统水肥管理模式（CL）在春马铃薯种植中的应用效果。本研究获取了氮（N）、磷（P）潜在流失量及与水资源管理相关的关键参数的清晰定量数据。结果显示，GS模式可使氮、磷潜在流失量降低50%以上，水分生产率显著提升37%，过度灌溉量减少84%。尽管水肥投入量有所降低，但GS模式下的块茎产量仍维持在50吨/公顷以上的高水平，且品质未受影响。尽管各处理组的单位供氮产量保持一致，但单位流失氮的产量存在差异，这凸显了不同处理组之间环境影响的差异。可持续性指标显示，GS模式在不降低产量的前提下，降低了投入成本与用工量，同时提升了毛利润。本研究结果有助于进一步理解农业如何通过演进物联网（IoT）传感器技术实践，优化马铃薯种植系统中的水肥管理并降低环境影响，这在水资源匮乏地区尤为关键。