DataSheet_1_Changes in the growth and physiological property of tea tree after aviation mutagenesis and screening and functional verification of its characteristic hormones.pdf

Aerospace breeding is a breeding technique that utilizes a spacecraft to position plants in a space environment for mutagenesis, which is conducive to rapid mutagenesis for the screening of superior plant varieties. In this study, tea trees with aviation mutagenesis (TM) and those without aviation mutagenesis (CK) were selected as research subjects to analyze the effects of aviation mutagenesis on the growth, physiological properties, and hormone metabolism of tea trees, and to further screen the characteristic hormones and validate their functions. The results showed that the leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of TM tea trees were significantly larger than those of CK. The growth indexes, the photosynthetic physiological indexes (i.e., chlorophyll content, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate), and the resistance physiological indexes (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and soluble sugar) were significantly higher in TM than in CK. Hormone metabolome analysis showed that four characteristic hormones distinguished CK from TM, namely, l-tryptophan, indole, salicylic acid, and salicylic acid 2-O-β-glucoside, all of which were significantly more abundant in TM than in CK. These four characteristic hormones were significantly and positively correlated with the growth indexes, tea yield, and the photosynthetic and resistance physiological indexes of tea trees. The leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and superoxide dismutase activity of tea tree seedlings after spraying with the four characteristic hormones were significantly increased, in which salicylic acid and salicylic acid 2-O-β-glucoside were more favorable to increase the leaf area and superoxide dismutase activity, while l-tryptophan and indole were more favorable to increase the leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. It can be observed that aviation mutagenesis improves the accumulation of the characteristic hormones of tea trees, enhances their photosynthetic capacity, improves their resistance, promotes their growth, and then improves the tea yield.

航天育种（Aerospace breeding）是一类借助航天器将植物搭载至太空环境以诱导突变的育种技术，可加快诱变进程，助力优良植物品种的筛选。本研究以经航天诱变处理的茶树（TM，Aviation Mutagenesis）与未经航天诱变的对照茶树（CK）为供试材料，分析航天诱变对茶树生长、生理特性及激素代谢的影响，并进一步筛选特征激素并验证其功能。结果表明，航天诱变组茶树的叶长、叶宽及叶面积均显著大于对照组。航天诱变组的生长指标、光合生理指标（包括叶绿素含量、胞间CO₂浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及光合速率）以及抗性生理指标（包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶及可溶性糖含量）均显著高于对照组。激素代谢组学分析显示，4种特征激素可区分对照组与航天诱变组，分别为L-色氨酸（L-tryptophan）、吲哚（indole）、水杨酸（salicylic acid）及水杨酸2-O-β-葡萄糖苷（salicylic acid 2-O-β-glucoside），且上述激素在航天诱变组中的含量均显著高于对照组。上述4种特征激素与茶树的生长指标、茶叶产量、光合及抗性生理指标均呈显著正相关。对喷施该4种特征激素后的茶树幼苗进行检测发现，其叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合速率及超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著提升；其中，水杨酸与水杨酸2-O-β-葡萄糖苷更利于提升叶面积与超氧化物歧化酶活性，而L-色氨酸与吲哚则更利于提升叶片叶绿素含量与光合速率。综上，航天诱变可通过提升茶树特征激素的积累量，增强其光合能力与抗性，促进生长，进而提高茶叶产量。