TERENO (Eifel-Rur), Climate/Runoff/Water Quality station Rollesbroich, Germany

TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) spans an Earth observation network across Germany that extends from the North German lowlands to the Bavarian Alps. This unique large-scale project aims to catalogue the longterm ecological, social and economic impact of global change at regional level.
The central monitoring site of the TERENO Eifel/Lower Rhine Valley Observatory is the catchment area of the River Rur. It covers a total area of 2354 km² and exhibits a distinct land use gradient: The lowland region in the northern part is characterised by urbanisation and intensive agriculture whereas the low mountain range in the southern part is sparsely populated and includes several drinking water reservoirs. Furthermore, the Eifel National Park is situated in the southern part of the Rur catchment serving as a reference site. Intensive test sites are placed along a transect across the Rur catchments in representative land cover, soil, and geologic settings. The Rollesbroich site is located in the low mountain range “Eifel” near the German-Belgium border and covers the area of the small Kieselbach catchment (40 ha) with altitudes ranging from 474 to 518 m.a.s.l..
The climate is temperate maritime with a mean annual air temperature and precipitation of 7.7 °C and 1033 mm, respectively, for the period from 1981 to 2001. The study site is highly instrumented. All components of the water balance (e.g. precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, soil water content) are continuously monitored using state-of-the-art instrumentation, including weighable lysimeters, runoff gauges, cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors, a wireless sensor network that monitors soil temperature, and soil moisture at 189 locations in different depths (5, 20 and 50 cm) throughout the study site. Periodically also different chamber measurements were made to access soil or plant gas exchange.
Climate/Runoff/Water Quality station Rollesbroich:Runoff is measured at the catchment outlet using a gauging station equipped with a combination of a V-notch weir for low flow measurements and a Parshall flume to measure normal to high flows. Runoff data of the two weir types are combined by using V-notch values for water levels below 5 cm, Parshall flume values for water levels greater than 10 cm and the weighted mean of V-notch and Parshall flume values for water levels between 5 and 10 cm, where the water levels refer to those of the V-notch weir. Meteorological data, i.e. precipitation, air temperature, air humidity, radiation components, and wind speed, were recorded at 2 m height next to the runoff gauging station
As a first quality check, time series of both gauge types were compared for consistency. In addition, both runoff time series were visually inspected for inexplicable outliers (e.g. runoff peak without preceding rainfall event) and sensor failures. Unreliable data were identified by visual inspection and appropriate flags were set.
The observed parameters are listed in the keywords section. File format is NetCDF 4.0.

TERENO（陆地环境观测台站，Terrestrial ENvironmental Observatories）是覆盖德国全境的地球观测网络，其范围北至北德低地，南抵巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山区。这项独具特色的大型项目旨在编录区域尺度下全球变化带来的长期生态、社会与经济影响。
TERENO埃菲尔/下莱茵谷观测站的核心监测站点为鲁尔河（River Rur）流域，该流域总面积达2354平方千米，呈现出鲜明的土地利用梯度：北部低地地区以城市化与集约化农业为主要特征，而南部的低山丘陵区人口稀疏，分布有多处饮用水水库。此外，埃菲尔国家公园坐落于鲁尔河流域南部，作为基准参照站点。沿鲁尔河流域的样带布设了多个密集试验站点，覆盖具有代表性的土地覆被、土壤与地质环境。Rollesbroich站点位于德比边境附近的埃菲尔低山丘陵区，涵盖面积为40公顷的小型基瑟尔巴赫（Kieselbach）流域，海拔范围为474至518米（m.a.s.l.）。
1981年至2001年期间，该区域气候为温带海洋性气候，年平均气温7.7℃，年平均降水量1033毫米。该研究站点布设了高密度监测设备。采用先进仪器持续监测水平衡的所有组成要素，包括降水、蒸散发、径流、土壤含水量等，具体设备包括可称重蒸渗仪（weighable lysimeters）、径流测量站、宇宙射线土壤湿度传感器，以及一套无线传感器网络，可在研究区内189个不同深度（5cm、20cm和50cm）的点位监测土壤温度与土壤湿度。此外，还定期开展各类箱室测量，以获取土壤或植物的气体交换数据。
Rollesbroich气候/径流/水质站：在流域出口处通过测量站监测径流，该站结合了用于低流量测量的V型缺口堰与用于正常至高流量测量的帕歇尔水槽（Parshall flume）。两类堰式设备的径流数据按如下规则合并：水位低于5cm时采用V型缺口堰数据，水位高于10cm时采用帕歇尔水槽数据，水位介于5cm至10cm之间时采用V型缺口堰与帕歇尔水槽数据的加权平均值（水位以V型缺口堰的读数为准）。气象数据（包括降水、气温、空气湿度、辐射分量及风速）在径流测量站旁2米高度处进行记录。
首轮质量控制环节为：对比两类测量设备的时间序列以验证一致性。此外，还对两条径流时间序列进行目视检查，以排查无法解释的异常值（例如无前期降雨事件的径流峰值）与传感器故障。通过目视检查识别不可靠数据，并设置相应标记。
观测参数详见关键词部分。文件格式为NetCDF 4.0。