Table_3_Morphological and Molecular Features of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Different Types of Synovial Membrane, and Genetic Background of Cell Donors.XLSX

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) have become a great cell source for musculoskeletal stem cell research, especially related to cartilage and bone tissue regeneration, due to their superior cell proliferation properties and multidifferentiation potential into various cell lineages. This study revealed isolation methods, culture conditions, and morphological and molecular characterization of SMSCs derived fibrous synovium (FS) and adipose synovium (FP) of two pig breeds differing in growth performance [German Landrace (DL), and fat deposition (Angeln Saddleback (AS)]. Herein, FS possessed nucleated cell numbers nearly twice as high as those of FP at Passage 0. SMSCs derived from different types of synovial membrane and genetic background show similar cell morphologies and immunophenotypes, which were assessed by cell surface epitopes and multilineage differentiation potential, but differ significantly in their molecular characteristics. In addition, transcripts of SMSCs from AS were more enriched in IGF-1 signaling and VEGF ligand receptor, while SMSCs from DL were more enriched in growth hormone signaling and bone metabolism. The results indicate that genetics and tissues play significant roles for SMSC characteristics so that SMSCs can be traced back to the original cell donor and be used for fine turning in applications of medical research and therapies.

滑膜间充质干细胞（Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells, SMSCs）因具备优异的细胞增殖特性及多谱系分化潜能，已成为肌肉骨骼干细胞研究，尤其是软骨与骨组织再生相关研究的优质细胞来源。本研究针对两种生长性能与脂肪沉积特性存在差异的猪品种——德国长白猪（German Landrace, DL）与安哥拉鞍背猪（Angeln Saddleback, AS）——开展实验，揭示了其纤维滑膜（fibrous synovium, FS）与脂肪滑膜（adipose synovium, FP）来源的SMSCs的分离方法、培养条件，以及形态学与分子特征。第0代时，纤维滑膜来源的有核细胞数量几乎为脂肪滑膜的两倍。来自不同滑膜类型与遗传背景的SMSCs，其细胞形态与免疫表型较为相似，该结论通过细胞表面表位检测与多向分化潜能实验得以验证，但二者的分子特征却存在显著差异。此外，安哥拉鞍背猪来源的SMSCs转录本更富集于胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）信号通路与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）配体-受体信号通路，而德国长白猪来源的SMSCs则更富集于生长激素信号通路与骨代谢相关通路。研究结果表明，遗传因素与组织来源对SMSCs的特征具有显著调控作用，因此SMSCs可追溯至原始细胞供体，且可用于精准优化医学研究与临床治疗的应用场景。