Table 2_Integrating transcriptome and proteome profiles to compare carcass and meat quality traits between Songliao and Songlei black pigs.docx

With the ongoing upgrade in consumption patterns, the pork market is shifting from a focus on quantity to an emphasis on quality, demanding higher intramuscular fat content alongside maintained growth rates. Crossbreeding between the Chinese lean-type Songliao black pig and the high-quality local breed Leixiang pig allows rapid integration of parental superior traits, resulting in hybrid vigor that effectively improves pork quality, growth performance, and economic benefits. We conducted transcriptomic and 4D microDIA proteomic sequencing analyses on the longissimus dorsi muscle tissue from hybrid offspring of purebred Songliao black pigs and Songliao × Leixiang black pigs. Extensive phenotypic analyses were performed on Songliao black pigs and Songlei black pigs using multiple trait indicators. Six pigs were selected and categorized into relatively high and low intramuscular fat groups. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data identified candidate genes within significantly annotated lipid-related pathways via KEGG, including ACSL1, ACSL6, SREBF1, PLIN2, CEPT1, CPT1B, CPT1C, and ACSF3. Among these, CPT1B was significantly associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. By analyzing all significantly differential genes and proteins, six candidate genes were identified as key determinants of genetic variation in lipid deposition: UCP3, CPT1B, LSMEM1, NEXN, PPP1R14C, and LOC100624149. This preliminary exploratory multi-omics study provides a valuable resource for probing intramuscular fat deposition, aiming to support pork-trait improvement in breeding and to establish a fresh theoretical basis for clarifying the molecular mechanisms of meat-quality heterosis in Songlei black pigs.

随着消费结构的持续升级，猪肉市场正从数量导向转向质量导向，在维持生长速率的同时，对肌内脂肪含量提出了更高要求。将中国瘦肉型松辽黑猪（Songliao black pig）与优质地方品种黎香猪（Leixiang pig）进行杂交，可快速整合亲本的优良性状，获得杂种优势，有效改善猪肉品质、生长性能与经济效益。本研究对纯种松辽黑猪及松辽×黎香黑猪的杂交后代（松雷黑猪，Songlei black pigs）的背最长肌组织开展了转录组学与4D微DIA蛋白质组学测序分析。采用多性状指标对松辽黑猪与松雷黑猪进行了全面的表型分析，选取6头个体并将其分为肌内脂肪含量相对较高组与较低组。通过转录组与蛋白质组数据的整合分析，借助京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）注释到显著富集的脂类相关通路，并筛选出其中的候选基因，包括ACSL1、ACSL6、SREBF1、PLIN2、CEPT1、CPT1B、CPT1C及ACSF3。其中，CPT1B与脂肪酸代谢通路显著相关。通过对所有显著差异基因与差异蛋白的分析，最终鉴定出6个可作为脂类沉积遗传变异关键决定因子的候选基因：UCP3、CPT1B、LSMEM1、NEXN、PPP1R14C及LOC100624149。本项探索性多组学初步研究为探究肌内脂肪沉积机制提供了宝贵的研究资源，旨在助力猪肉性状的育种改良，并为阐明松雷黑猪肉质杂种优势的分子机制奠定全新的理论基础。