Bioefficacy of Acetone Extract of Sida acuta and Xylopia aethiopica Against Bean Leaf Beetle of Black Turtle Beans

Abstract: Black turtle bean is a widely grown plant protein crop in the agro-ecological zone, where bean leaf beetles constitute a major constraint to its production and productivity. We evaluated the bioefficacy of Sida acuta and Xylopia aethiopica extracts against the target insect pest, the bean leaf beetle. This study aimed to profile bioactive constituents in acetone extracts of S. acuta and X. aethiopica and to test their effectiveness against bean leaf beetles on black turtle bean. Acetone extracts from S. acuta and X. aethiopica were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the identification and characterization of their phytochemical constituents. Results revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, steroids, and quinones in both S. acuta and X. aethiopica. Quantitative assays confirmed that both botanicals contain appreciable levels of these bioactive compounds. Three black turtle bean plots, each measuring 80 ft by 40 ft, were established for the experiment. All plots were planted in the early season (17th April, 2025). The highest yield of black turtle beans occurred in the plot treated with S. acuta extract (43.87 kg), whereas the lowest yield was observed in the X. aethiopica-treated plot (34.75 kg). Both extracts markedly reduced bean leaf beetle numbers relative to the control treatment. We conclude that biopesticides derived from these botanicals can be exploited for their efficacy against diverse pests of black turtle bean under comparable conditions. Further research is recommended to isolate and evaluate additional active compounds from these species with potential as biopesticides. Keywords: Phytochemical Screening, Sida acuta, Xylopia aethiopica, bean leaf beetle and black turtle beans.摘要： 黑龟豆是农业生态区广泛种植的植物蛋白作物，而豆叶甲是制约其生产与产量的主要害虫。本研究评估了黄花稔（Sida acuta）与非洲紫玉盘（Xylopia aethiopica）提取物对靶标害虫豆叶甲的生物防控效能。本研究旨在分析黄花稔与非洲紫玉盘丙酮提取物中的生物活性成分，并测试其对黑龟豆上豆叶甲的防控效果。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS）对黄花稔与非洲紫玉盘的丙酮提取物进行植物化学成分的鉴定与表征。结果显示，黄花稔与非洲紫玉盘中均含有生物碱、皂苷、黄酮类、苷类、酚类、鞣质、甾类及醌类成分。定量分析实验证实，两种植物材料中均含有含量可观的上述生物活性化合物。本实验设置了3块黑龟豆种植小区，每块面积为80英尺×40英尺。所有小区均于2025年4月17日的早播季完成播种。施用黄花稔提取物的小区黑龟豆产量最高，达43.87千克；而施用非洲紫玉盘提取物的小区产量最低，为34.75千克。与对照组相比，两种提取物均显著降低了豆叶甲的种群数量。综上，在相似试验条件下，从这两种植物中提取制备的生物农药可有效防控黑龟豆的多种害虫。建议后续研究分离并评估这两种植物中其他具有生物农药开发潜力的活性成分。 关键词：植物化学成分筛选、黄花稔（Sida acuta）、非洲紫玉盘（Xylopia aethiopica）、豆叶甲与黑龟豆。