DataSheet1_Food Advertisement and Marketing Policies Aimed at Reducing Childhood Obesity: A Review of Existing Regulations in High-Income Countries.docx

ObjectivesTo identify and evaluate the difference between voluntary and mandatory food marketing policies and regulations targeting childhood obesity and to study the role of media, the food industry, and private associations in implementing such policies.
MethodsA review of policies and legislation about unhealthy food marketing was conducted by searching and extracting relevant grey literature from the websites of international health agencies, food marketing pledge databases, GINA, and NOURISHING policy databases. Statutory laws and self-regulations of high-income countries were compared with each other and with the WHO recommendations.
ResultsRegulations differ regarding target audience, nutrient profiling, communication media, and marketing techniques. To date, no country has implemented comprehensive regulations restricting all forms of unhealthy food marketing. Statutory laws are more meticulous and rigorous than self-regulatory policies.
ConclusionThe goal of reducing childhood obesity through restrictions on unhealthy food advertising has not been met. While not welcomed by all actors, mandatory regulations may be more effective than voluntary measures in reaching this goal. A system for monitoring adherence to regulations and providing both incentives and penalties for violations is warranted.

研究目标：本研究旨在明确并评估针对儿童肥胖的自愿性与强制性食品营销政策法规之间的差异，并探究媒体、食品行业及民间协会在此类政策实施过程中的作用。
研究方法：本研究针对不健康食品营销相关政策与法规开展系统综述，通过检索并提取国际卫生机构官网、食品营销承诺数据库、GINA数据库及NOURISHING政策数据库中的相关灰色文献完成数据采集。研究对高收入经济体的成文法与自律性规范进行相互比对，并与世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）的建议标准进行对照分析。
研究结果：各类法规在目标受众、营养分级、传播媒介及营销手段等方面存在差异。截至目前，尚无任何国家出台覆盖所有类型不健康食品营销的全面性限制性法规。相较于自律性政策，成文法规更为细致严谨。
研究结论：通过限制不健康食品广告以降低儿童肥胖率的目标尚未实现。尽管并非所有参与方都支持强制性监管，但在实现该目标方面，强制性法规或较自愿性举措更为有效。亟需建立一套监管法规合规情况并对违规行为实施奖惩的配套机制。