Evaluating rumen fermentation kinetics and nutritive value of sunflower seed meal supplemented with acetonic extract of pomegranate peel using in vitro gas production technique

ABSTRACT. This study was conducted to investigate effects of supplementing different levels (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0% of buffered rumen fluid) of acetonic extract of pomegranate peel on rumen fermentation kinetics of sunflower seed meal (SFM), using in vitro gas production technique. The samples were incubated in syringes containing rumen liquor obtained from three cannulated Iranian Ghezel rams for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 36h. Results indicated that, addition of acetonic extract of pomegranate peel resulted in increase in gas production volume in all of incubation times (p < 0.0001). Amount of gas production, also increased by increasing dose of the extract. Amounts of a (the gas production from the immediately soluble fraction), b (the gas production from the insoluble fraction) and a + b (the potential gas production) for pomegranate peel extract supplemented sunflower seed meal were higher (p < 0.05) than that of control meal. Adding pomegranate peel extract resulted in increase estimated short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production as well as digestible organic matter (DOM), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL) content of SFM. Production of SCFA as well as DOM, ME and NEL content of SFM increased (p < 0.05) by enhancing the level of the extract supplementation. In conclusion, it can be suggest that, supplementing acetonic extract of pomegranate peel may be lead to higher ruminal fermentation and better nutritive value of SFM in ruminants.

摘要
本研究采用体外产气法（in vitro gas production technique），探究添加不同水平（占缓冲瘤胃液（buffered rumen fluid）的0.0%、0.5%和1.0%）石榴皮丙酮提取物（acetonic extract of pomegranate peel）对葵花籽粕（sunflower seed meal, SFM）瘤胃发酵动力学的影响。实验将样品置于装有3头安装瘤胃瘘管的伊朗盖泽尔公羊采集的瘤胃液的注射器中，分别培养2、4、6、8、12、24和36小时。结果显示，添加石榴皮丙酮提取物可使所有培养时长下的产气量均显著提升（p < 0.0001），且产气量随提取物添加剂量的提升而升高。添加提取物的葵花籽粕的a（快速溶解组分产气量）、b（缓慢溶解组分产气量）以及a+b（潜在产气量）均显著高于对照组葵花籽粕（p < 0.05）。此外，添加石榴皮丙酮提取物可提升葵花籽粕的估算短链脂肪酸（short chain fatty acids, SCFA）产量，以及可消化有机物（digestible organic matter, DOM）、代谢能（metabolizable energy, ME）与泌乳净能（net energy for lactation, NEL）含量；且随着提取物添加水平的提升，上述SCFA产量及DOM、ME与NEL含量均显著升高（p < 0.05）。综上，本研究表明，在反刍动物日粮中添加石榴皮丙酮提取物，可提升葵花籽粕的瘤胃发酵水平并改善其营养价值。