INDIUM: A SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL VIEW OF A STRATEGIC METAL

Indium have been widely investigated by scientists because of its several interesting properties and its use in different applications in the manufacture of TVs screens, computers, cell phones, solar panels, electroluminescent diodes (LEDs), organic electroluminescent diodes (OLEDs), DNA and antibody sensors, electrocatalysts, architectural glass coatings, low melting alloys, thermal interface materials, aircraft engine bearings, among others. The economic urge to make devices more cost effective and efficient has guide developments in different deposition technologies, such as dip-coating, plating, thick and thin film deposition. However, indium is classified as a critical metal. In this sense, we discussed the economic viability and spatial distribution of the indium resources in Brazil and worldwide considering that its supply still remains a concern. On top of that, the present review discusses the scientific and technological aspects of indium materials and highlights the major advances regarding their synthesis, properties and applications.

铟（Indium）因其诸多优异特性以及在多类工业制造场景中的广泛应用，已被科学家们广泛研究。其应用涵盖电视屏幕、计算机、手机、太阳能电池板、电致发光二极管（LEDs）、有机电致发光二极管（OLEDs）、DNA与抗体传感器、电催化剂、建筑玻璃涂层、低熔点合金、热界面材料、航空发动机轴承等诸多领域。为提升器件的成本效益与运行效率，相关研究推动了浸涂、电镀、厚膜与薄膜沉积等各类沉积技术的发展。然而，铟被列为关键金属。有鉴于此，本文针对铟供应仍是亟待关注的问题这一现状，探讨了巴西及全球范围内铟资源的经济可行性与空间分布。此外，本综述还探讨了铟材料的科学与技术层面，并重点阐述了其在合成、性能及应用领域的主要进展。