<p>Profile of the respondents, NFHS-5 (2019−21).</p>

Background Anaemia during pregnancy in India persists despite policy attention and nutritional interventions. While its primary determinants are well-recognized, the association between indoor air pollution (IAP) and anaemia among pregnant women in India remains conspicuously under-explored. Methods This study examines the relationship between exposure to IAP and anaemia among pregnant women, using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–21), with an analytical sample of 25,579 respondents. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association between IAP exposure and anaemia, while accounting for socio-demographic, health, and behavioural characteristics. Results IAP was significantly associated with higher odds of anaemia (COR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.36–1.51). Pregnant women who were younger, had lower levels of education, resided in rural areas, belonged to scheduled tribe communities, and poor wealth index household were more likely to be anaemic. Conclusion These findings suggest the need to integrate household energy transitions and indoor air quality improvements into maternal anaemia reduction strategies.研究背景 尽管印度已针对妊娠期贫血问题出台政策并实施营养干预措施，但该问题仍持续存在。虽然妊娠期贫血的主要影响因素已得到广泛认知，但印度孕妇群体中室内空气污染（Indoor Air Pollution, IAP）与贫血之间的关联仍未得到充分探索，相关研究缺口尤为显著。 研究方法 本研究以2019-2021年全国家庭健康调查（National Family Health Survey, NFHS-5）为数据来源，纳入25579名受访者作为分析样本，探讨孕妇室内空气污染暴露与贫血之间的关联。研究采用描述性统计分析、卡方检验及多因素logistic回归模型，在控制社会人口学特征、健康状况与行为习惯等混杂变量的前提下，评估室内空气污染暴露与孕妇贫血的相关性。 研究结果 室内空气污染与孕妇贫血风险升高存在显著关联（粗比值比COR=1.43，95%置信区间CI：1.36~1.51）。进一步分析显示，年龄较小、受教育程度较低、居住于农村地区、属于在册部落群体以及家庭财富指数较低的孕妇，其贫血发生风险显著更高。 研究结论 本研究结果提示，需将家庭能源转型与室内空气质量改善措施纳入孕产妇贫血防控策略体系之中。