Policies and regulations to promote electric vehicles in Thailand

Despite the effects of global warming and pollution in Thailand, which mostly result from the transportation sector, the amount of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles has been dramatically rising and resulting in air pollution. Electric Vehicle adoption is the best modern solution chosen by many civilised countries. However, Thailand's adoption rate is considered low due to several factors related to the high price, limited choices of models, and insufficient charging stations, causing the range anxiety for a long road trip. With no coincidence or natural act, the adoption rates are building up from well-planed and supportive policies and regulations for EVs. This research provides a solution with precedent policies and regulations, which were chosen worldwide, and focuses on the supply-side regulation of the United States as seen in the large tax incentives for Tesla, Inc. to establish the Gigafactory in Nevada. Secondly, the demand-side policy and regulation of Norway was also analysed regarding its poor automobile industry where tax exemption and other non-fiscal incentives are, nevertheless, granted to make the cost of electric vehicle ownership cheaper. Lastly, the countermeasure for the reserved Nickel regulation of Indonesia was studied. Therefore, to promote Electric Vehicles in Thailand, adapting to the policies and regulations mentioned above to enhance domestic manufacturing and consumer demand will lead to the economies of scale for Electric Vehicles and thus remove all obstructions to the EV adoption in Thailand.

尽管泰国面临着主要由交通运输部门引发的全球变暖和环境污染问题，但其内燃机汽车（Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles）保有量仍在大幅攀升，进而加剧了空气污染。电动汽车（Electric Vehicle）普及是诸多发达国家当前选取的最优现代化解决方案。然而，受售价高昂、车型选择有限以及充电站配套不足等因素影响，泰国的电动汽车普及率偏低，进而引发长途出行的续航焦虑（range anxiety）。值得注意的是，泰国电动汽车普及率的提升并非偶然或自然演化的结果，而是得益于针对电动汽车的精心规划与扶持性政策法规。本研究梳理了全球范围内的标杆性政策法规，重点分析了美国的供给侧政策：其为特斯拉（Tesla, Inc.）在内华达州建设超级工厂（Gigafactory）提供了高额税收减免激励。其次，本研究还剖析了挪威的需求侧政策法规：尽管挪威本土汽车产业基础薄弱，但该国通过免征购置税及其他非财政类激励措施，有效降低了电动汽车的购置与使用成本。最后，本研究还针对印度尼西亚的镍资源储备管控政策及其相关应对思路展开了探讨。综上，若要在泰国推广电动汽车，需借鉴上述政策法规以强化本土制造业发展并刺激消费需求，进而实现电动汽车的规模经济，最终消除泰国电动汽车普及的所有障碍。