EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE TRAINING OF FEMALE TENNIS PLAYERS IN HOT CLIMATES

ABSTRACT Introduction A tennis match may last up to four hours with long intervals between moves of medium to high exercise intensity for 10 minutes and aerobic characteristic that requires specific sources of energy. Inappropriate diets can negatively impact sports performance and delay the recovery phase. Fortified wheat germ protein powder has the supplementation characteristics required in aerobic activities, although there are no practical studies on its impacts on the work performance of female tennis athletes. Objective Explore the influence of two weeks of training in a warm environment combined with nutritional intervention on the performance of female tennis players. Methods It was observed by testing the immunological indices of elite female tennis players while training their changes and their effects on nutritional intervention. Results The increase in serum CK activity was closely related to the amount of exercise. Many studies have shown that serum CK activity increased significantly after strenuous exercise, and the serum CK value of subjects in the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group, showing better adaptability to exercise. Compared with before the nutritional intervention, the athletes’ weight decreased slightly, and the body fat percentage decreased significantly after the nutritional intervention. Compared with before nutritional intervention, sugar and salt supplements in athletes were significantly increased (P<0.05). Sweating rate, hydration rate, and hydration/sudden rate were also significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Strengthening wheat germ protein supplementation may improve the nutritional albumin level in female tennis players, manifested in blood levels and immune function performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

摘要
引言：网球赛事单场最长可达四小时，其间运动间歇时长不一，运动员需承受每次持续10分钟的中高强度运动，且项目具备有氧代谢特征，依赖特定能量供给来源。不当饮食会对运动表现产生负面影响，延缓恢复进程。强化小麦胚芽蛋白粉具备有氧运动所需的营养补充特性，但目前尚无针对其对女子网球运动员运动表现影响的实证研究。
研究目的：探讨为期两周的温热环境训练结合营养干预对女子网球运动员运动表现的影响。
研究方法：通过检测优秀女子网球运动员的免疫指标，观察其变化情况，并分析营养干预对指标的影响效应。
研究结果：血清肌酸激酶（CK）活性升高与运动负荷密切相关。诸多研究表明，剧烈运动后血清CK活性会显著升高，且试验组受试者的血清CK值显著低于对照组，展现出更优的运动适应能力。与营养干预前相比，运动员体重出现轻微下降，体脂百分比则显著降低。相较于营养干预前，运动员的糖、盐摄入量显著提升（P<0.05）。出汗率、补水率以及补水/出汗率也均显著升高（P<0.05）。
研究结论：强化小麦胚芽蛋白补充剂或可提升女子网球运动员的营养性白蛋白水平，具体体现为血液指标与免疫功能表现层面。证据等级为II级；治疗性研究——治疗结局调查。