Table of Modeling Parameters.

This paper proposes a new type of Z-shaped prefabricated mortise and tenon joint box culvert designed to enhance the longitudinal connection stability of highway prefabricated box culverts. Using actual engineering parameters and material properties, finite element simulation software was employed to analyze the culvert. The results indicated that maximum deformation and stress concentration occurred at the ends and armpits of the groove joint, specifically at the junction of the two culverts. The deformation of the middle section of the single culvert section is 75.86% higher than that of the end section. The deformation at the maximum deformation of the side wall of the single culvert section is 980% higher than that at the end. Under identical soil filling conditions, the mechanical properties of the integral box culvert and the prefabricated box culvert exhibited the greatest differences at their joint. The deformation and stress values at other locations showed minimal differences. Based on the stress and deformation characteristics of the culvert body, various box culvert designs with different joint heights and lengths were developed and simulated. The findings indicate that the mechanical properties of the joint culvert are most significantly enhanced with a joint height of 1.8 m and a joint length of 0.5 m. By integrating the advantages of the mortise and tenon joint structure—such as limiting joint displacement, preventing misalignment and uneven settlement, and facilitating smooth load transfer—the mortise and tenon joint is incorporated into the assembled box culvert joint. Ultimately, a Z-shaped prefabricated mortise and tenon joint box culvert, featuring a well-designed structure and a 1.25 m long mortise and tenon joint, was selected. Following optimization, the mechanical properties of the assembled box culvert joints have significantly improved. The connection performance is excellent, meeting the required bearing capacity, and demonstrating strong compressive shear and deformation resistance. Additionally, the yield and failure limits under identical uneven loads have been considerably enhanced, while maintaining economic and prefabrication rationality. This study provides valuable insights for the practical engineering of similar assembled box culverts.

本文提出一种新型Z形预制榫卯接头箱涵（Z-shaped prefabricated mortise and tenon joint box culvert），旨在提升公路预制箱涵的纵向连接稳定性。依托实际工程参数与材料属性，采用有限元仿真软件对该箱涵开展分析。结果显示，最大变形与应力集中现象出现在槽型接头的端部与腋角处，具体为两节箱涵的衔接位置。单节箱涵中段的变形量较端部段高出75.86%；单节箱涵侧壁最大变形处的变形量较端部高出980%。在相同填土工况下，整体式箱涵与预制箱涵的力学性能差异在接头处最为显著，其余位置的变形与应力值差异极小。基于箱涵本体的应力与变形特征，本文设计了多种不同接头高度与长度的箱涵方案并进行仿真模拟。研究结果表明，当接头高度为1.8m、接头长度为0.5m时，接头箱涵的力学性能提升效果最为显著。结合榫卯接头结构限位接头位移、防止错位与不均匀沉降、实现荷载平稳传递的优势，将榫卯接头应用于装配式箱涵接头中。最终选定结构设计合理、榫卯接头长度为1.25m的Z形预制榫卯接头箱涵。经优化后，装配式箱涵接头的力学性能得到显著提升，连接性能优异，满足设计承载要求，具备较强的抗压抗剪与抗变形能力。此外，在同等不均匀荷载作用下，其屈服与破坏极限均得到大幅提升，同时兼顾了经济性与预制合理性。本研究可为同类装配式箱涵的实际工程应用提供重要参考。