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Mosses that usually exist as gametophytes lack true roots, stems, and leaves, and their physiological activity is highly sensitive to environmental changes. The increase of diurnal temperature range (DTR) is one of the important characteristics of global climate change, but it is still unclear how mosses respond to the change of DTR. The typical drought-tolerant and saxicolous moss Grimmia pilifera was used as the research subject, two DTR treatments were set up: 20/10 ℃ (day/night; as CK) and 30/10 ℃ (day/night; as increased DTR). After homogenized cultivation, three dehydration-rehydration cycles and physiological measurements were conducted on days 7, 14, and 21 to investigate the comprehensive response of mosses to change in DTR over time. The results showed that during the dehydration phase, G. pilifera under the 20/10 ℃ treatment exhibited significantly higher photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm) compared with the 30/10 ℃ treatment, while the quantum yield for thermal dissipation (φDo) was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, the opposite trend was observed during the rehydration phase. With prolonged dehydration time, both temperature treatments showed decreased Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm and increased φDo, DIo/RC, and ABS/RC after 24 hours of dehydration compared with 2 hours. Relative water content (RWC) declined over time during dehydration, and upon rehydration RWC recovery was significantly lower under the 30/10 ℃ treatment than under 20/10 ℃ (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, the 30/10°C treatment had a more pronouncedly negative effect on MDA content, exhibited lower activity of antioxidant enzymes (primarily CAT), and showed higher levels of osmotic adjustment substances (PRO, SP). The plant trait network analysis revealed that the core traits on days 7, 14, and 21 under the 20/10 ℃ treatment were RWC, PI abs, and ETo/RC, respectively; while under the 30/10 ℃ treatment, the core traits were PI abs, SP, and PRO content, respectively. The stability of trait network structure was higher under the 20/10 ℃ treatment than under 30/10 ℃. Analysis of pooled data showed that the core traits under both treatments were photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fo under 20/10 ℃ and PI abs under 30/10 ℃), indicating that G. pilifera exhibited differential changes in trait network structure and core traits over time under varying DTRs, but overall relied on coordinated regulation of the photosynthetic system to cope with environmental stress. These findings provide new physiological and ecological insights into how mosses respond to global climate change.通常以配子体（gametophyte）形态存在的苔藓不具备真正的根、茎、叶，其生理活动对环境变化极为敏感。昼夜温差（diurnal temperature range, DTR）的增加是全球气候变化的重要特征之一，但目前学界仍不清楚苔藓对昼夜温差变化的响应机制。 本研究以典型的耐旱石生苔藓梨蒴珠藓（Grimmia pilifera）为研究对象，设置两组昼夜温度处理：20/10℃（昼/夜，作为对照组CK）与30/10℃（昼/夜，作为升高昼夜温差组）。经统一驯化培养后，分别于第7、14、21天完成三轮脱水-复水循环及生理指标测定，以探究苔藓随时间梯度对昼夜温差变化的综合响应。 结果显示：在脱水阶段，20/10℃处理组的梨蒴珠藓光化学效率（Fv/Fo与Fv/Fm）显著高于30/10℃处理组，而热耗散量子产量（quantum yield for thermal dissipation, φDo）则显著更低（P < 0.01）；与之相反，复水阶段则呈现出完全相反的变化趋势。随着脱水时长延长，相较于脱水2小时，两组处理在脱水24小时后均表现为Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm下降，而φDo、DIo/RC及ABS/RC上升。相对含水量（relative water content, RWC）在脱水过程中随时间推移逐渐降低；复水阶段，30/10℃处理组的RWC恢复率显著低于20/10℃处理组（P < 0.05）。 整体而言，30/10℃处理对丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）含量产生更为显著的负面效应，抗氧化酶（主要为过氧化氢酶catalase, CAT）活性更低，同时渗透调节物质（脯氨酸proline, PRO、可溶性糖soluble sugar, SP）水平更高。植物性状网络分析结果显示：20/10℃处理组在第7、14、21天的核心性状分别为RWC、光合性能指数PI_abs、单位反应中心电子传递量ETo/RC；而30/10℃处理组的核心性状则分别为PI_abs、SP、PRO含量。20/10℃处理组的性状网络结构稳定性显著高于30/10℃处理组。 合并数据分析结果显示，两组处理的核心性状均为光合相关参数（20/10℃处理组为Fv/Fo，30/10℃处理组为PI_abs），表明梨蒴珠藓在不同昼夜温差条件下，其性状网络结构与核心性状随时间呈现出差异化变化，但整体均通过协调调控光合系统以应对环境胁迫。本研究结果为阐明苔藓对全球气候变化的响应机制提供了全新的生理生态学视角。