Aggregated Data: Australian Species Occurrences 1900-2023

Aggregated Australian species occurrence data from 1900 to the present using a suite of facets of most importance for environmental assessments. Occurrence records were aggregated and organised by the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA, https://ala.org.au/) and include survey and monitoring data collected and managed by the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS, https://imos.org.au/) and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN, https://tern.org.au/). Data from these infrastructures and other sources have been organised here as a national public-access dataset. This collection serves as a standardised snapshot of Australian biodiversity occurrence data from which many indicator datasets can more readily be derived (see Has Derivation entries below). \n\nThe primary asset is aggregated_spp_occ.csv. This contains all faceted data records for the period and supported facets related to time, space, taxonomy and conservation significance. Six derived assets demonstrate uses supported by the faceted data. Each is a pivot of the aggregated dataset. The data_sources.csv file includes information on the source datasets within the Atlas of Living Australia that contributed to this asset.\n\nGrouping records from this dataset supports comparisons between the number of occurrence records for different regions and/or time periods and/or categories of species and occurrence data. Grouped counts of this kind may serve as useful indications of variation and change across the dimensions compared. Note however that such counts may not accurately reflect real differences in biodiversity. It is important to consider confounding factors (particularly variations in recording effort over time). Grouping all records by a single facet (e.g. IBRA region) may help to expose such factors.\n\nLineage: All species occurrence data aggregated by the ALA as of 2023-12-31 were filtered to include only:\n\n• Records from 1900 onwards\n• Presence records only\n• Spatial coordinates present\n• Taxon identified to at least species level\n• Location falls within an IBRA or IMCRA region \n\nFiltered data were processed to include the following elements: \n\n1. Accepted taxon ID \n2. Accepted species name \n3. Classification (higher ranks) \n4. Year of occurrence \n5. Coordinates of occurrence \n6. Basis of record (specimen, human observation, etc.) \n7. State or Territory \n8. IBRA7 terrestrial region \n9. IMCRA 4.0 mesoscale marine bioregion \n10. Status of location in CAPAD 2020 (not protected area, protected area, indigenous protected area) \n11. Status of location in Forests of Australia (2013) \n12. Status of location in Forests of Australia (2018) \n13. Status of species on EPBC Act List of Threatened Species (mapped to accepted ALA species using galah R package) \n14. Status of species on Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species – Australia (GRIIS) version 1.10 (mapped to accepted ALA species)\n\nProcessed occurrence data were grouped to count records detected for each distinct combination of eleven primary facets. The resulting dataset is published as aggregated_spp_occ.csv and includes the following elements: \n\n1. Year of occurrence \n2. Basis of record (specimen, human observation, etc.) \n3. State/Territory \n4. IBRA7 terrestrial region \n5. IMCRA 4.0 mesoscale marine bioregion \n6. Status of location in Forests of Australia (2018) \n7. Status of location in Forests of Australia (2013) \n8. Status of location in CAPAD 2020 (not protected, PA – protected area, IPA – indigenous protected area) \n9. Status of species on EPBC Act List of Threatened Species \n10. Status of species on Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species – Australia (GRIIS) version 1.10 \n11. ALA species identifier \n12. Scientific name for species \n13. Count of occurrence records matching the values for elements 1 to 11\n\nSix derived summary datasets are also included. Each of these is a pivot of data in the main dataset and demonstrates a use case for the information.\n\n• summary_protection_status_marine.csv\n• summary_protection_status_terrestrial.csv\n\nThese two datasets include the following columns: \n1. IMCRA 4.0 / IBRA 7 bioregion \n2. ALA Species ID \n3. Species scientific name \n4. EPBC status for species \n5. Count of all records for species from region \n6. Count of all records for species from protected areas inside region \n7. Count of all records for species from protected areas under Indigenous management inside region \n\n• summary_threatened_spp_occ_marine.csv\n• summary_threatened_spp_occ_terrestrial.csv\n\n1. IMCRA 4.0 /IBRA 7 bioregion \n2. Starting year of the time period \n3. Ending year of the time period \n4. EPBC status for species \n5. Count of all occurrence records in the region and status for the given period \n6. Count of all distinct species in the region and status for the given period \n\n• summary_introduced_spp_occ_marine.csv\n• summary_introduced_spp_occ_terrestrial.csv\n\nThese two datasets include the following columns: \n\n1. IMCRA 4.0 /IBRA 7 bioregion \n2. Starting year of the time period \n3. Ending year of the time period \n4. GRIIS status for species (Native, Introduced, Invasive) \n5. Count of all occurrence records in the region and status for the given period \n6. Count of all distinct species in the region and status for the given period\n\n\n

本数据集为1900年至今的澳大利亚物种出现记录聚合数据，选取了对环境评估最为关键的多维度分类指标。该出现记录由澳大利亚生物多样性地图集（Atlas of Living Australia, ALA, https://ala.org.au/）进行聚合与整理，涵盖由集成海洋观测系统（Integrated Marine Observing System, IMOS, https://imos.org.au/）与陆地生态系统研究网络（Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, TERN, https://tern.org.au/）收集并管理的调查与监测数据。上述基础设施及其他来源的数据已整理为全国性公开数据集。本数据集为澳大利亚生物多样性出现数据的标准化快照，可便捷衍生出多种指示数据集（详见下文"衍生条目"）。

核心资产为`aggregated_spp_occ.csv`，包含该时段内所有分维度数据记录，以及与时间、空间、分类学及保护意义相关的配套分维度指标。6个衍生资产展示了该分维度数据支持的应用场景，均为核心数据集的透视表。`data_sources.csv`文件则包含了贡献至本资产的澳大利亚生物多样性地图集内源数据集的相关信息。

对本数据集的记录进行分组，可支持不同区域、不同时段或不同物种类别与出现数据的出现记录数量对比。此类分组计数可作为对比维度间差异与变化的有效参考，但需注意此类计数未必能准确反映生物多样性的真实差异，应综合考虑混杂因素（尤其是不同时段的记录投入差异）。按单一维度（如IBRA区域）对所有记录进行分组，有助于揭示此类混杂因素。

数据谱系：截至2023年12月31日由澳大利亚生物多样性地图集聚合的所有物种出现数据，经筛选仅保留以下记录：
• 1900年及之后的记录
• 仅保留物种出现记录
• 包含空间坐标
• 分类单元至少鉴定至物种级
• 分布点位于IBRA或IMCRA区域内

经筛选的数据需包含以下要素：
1. 核准分类单元ID
2. 核准物种名称
3. 分类层级（高级分类单元）
4. 出现年份
5. 出现坐标
6. 记录类型（标本、人类观测等）
7. 州或领地
8. IBRA7陆地生物区域
9. IMCRA 4.0中尺度海洋生物区域
10. 地点在CAPAD 2020中的保护状态（非保护区、保护区、原住民保护区）
11. 地点在2013年版《澳大利亚森林》中的状态
12. 地点在2018年版《澳大利亚森林》中的状态
13. 物种在《澳大利亚联邦环境保护与生物多样性保护法》（EPBC）受威胁物种名录中的状态（通过galah R包映射至澳大利亚生物多样性地图集核准物种）
14. 物种在全球引入与入侵物种名录-澳大利亚版（Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species – Australia, GRIIS）1.10版中的状态（映射至澳大利亚生物多样性地图集核准物种）

经处理的出现数据将按11个核心维度的所有不同组合进行分组计数，最终生成的数据集以`aggregated_spp_occ.csv`发布，包含以下要素：
1. 出现年份
2. 记录类型（标本、人类观测等）
3. 州/领地
4. IBRA7陆地生物区域
5. IMCRA 4.0中尺度海洋生物区域
6. 地点在2018年版《澳大利亚森林》中的状态
7. 地点在2013年版《澳大利亚森林》中的状态
8. 地点在CAPAD 2020中的保护状态（非保护、PA——保护区、IPA——原住民保护区）
9. 物种在《EPBC法案》受威胁物种名录中的状态
10. 物种在全球引入与入侵物种名录-澳大利亚版（GRIIS）1.10版中的状态
11. 澳大利亚生物多样性地图集物种标识符
12. 物种科学名称
13. 匹配要素1至11对应取值的出现记录数量

本数据集还包含6个衍生汇总数据集，均为核心数据集的透视表，展示了本数据的应用场景：
• `summary_protection_status_marine.csv`
• `summary_protection_status_terrestrial.csv`
上述两个数据集包含以下列：
1. IMCRA 4.0 / IBRA7生物区域
2. 澳大利亚生物多样性地图集物种ID
3. 物种科学名称
4. 物种EPBC保护状态
5. 该区域内该物种的所有出现记录数量
6. 该区域内保护区中该物种的所有出现记录数量
7. 该区域内原住民管理保护区中该物种的所有出现记录数量

• `summary_threatened_spp_occ_marine.csv`
• `summary_threatened_spp_occ_terrestrial.csv`
1. IMCRA 4.0 / IBRA7生物区域
2. 时段起始年份
3. 时段结束年份
4. 物种EPBC保护状态
5. 该区域及对应时段内的所有出现记录数量
6. 该区域及对应时段内的不同物种数量

• `summary_introduced_spp_occ_marine.csv`
• `summary_introduced_spp_occ_terrestrial.csv`
上述两个数据集包含以下列：
1. IMCRA 4.0 / IBRA7生物区域
2. 时段起始年份
3. 时段结束年份
4. 物种GRIIS状态（本土、引入、入侵）
5. 该区域及对应时段内的所有出现记录数量
6. 该区域及对应时段内的不同物种数量