Table7_Bioinformatic profiling identifies the glutaminase to be a potential novel cuproptosis-related biomarker for glioma.XLSX

Glioma is the most common tumour of the central nervous system, with a poor prognosis and an increasing trend of incidence in recent years; it is also beginning to affect younger age groups more. Added to this, cuproptosis is a new form of cell death. Indeed, when a certain amount of copper accumulates in a cell, it affects specific mitochondrial metabolic enzymes in that cell and leads to cell death–a phenomenon known as cuproptosis. In this study, we applied bioinformatics analysis, and, according to the results of the study analysis and Gene Ontology (GO), as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KyotoEncyclopediaofGenesandGenomes, the glutaminase (GLS) genes affect the prognosis and tumour mutation of glioma patients through cuproptosis. Interestingly, however, GLS is not involved in the immune escape of glioma. Glutaminase genes are a class of glucose metabolism-related genes that are involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle of cells. At the same time, the expression of the glutaminase gene was positively correlated with the degree of immune cell infiltration and the expression of various immune cell markers, and thus affected the prognosis of glioma patients. Therefore, we believe that the cuproptosis-related glutaminase gene can be an important factor in determining the prognosis of glioma patients.

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的原发性肿瘤，预后不佳且近年来发病率呈逐年上升趋势，同时发病人群愈发呈现年轻化特征。铜死亡是一种新型细胞死亡形式：当细胞内铜蓄积至一定量时，会靶向作用于细胞内特定线粒体代谢酶，进而引发细胞死亡，该现象被定义为铜死亡。本研究采用生物信息学分析方法，结合研究结果、基因本体（Gene Ontology, GO）以及京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG）的分析数据，证实谷氨酰胺酶（glutaminase, GLS）基因可通过铜死亡通路影响胶质瘤患者的预后状态与肿瘤突变特征。值得注意的是，GLS并未参与胶质瘤的免疫逃逸过程。谷氨酰胺酶基因属于一类糖代谢相关基因，参与细胞的三羧酸循环过程。同时，该基因的表达水平与免疫细胞浸润程度及多种免疫细胞标志物的表达呈正相关，进而对胶质瘤患者的预后产生影响。综上，本研究认为铜死亡相关谷氨酰胺酶基因可作为评估胶质瘤患者预后的关键指标。