Data_Sheet_2_Contrasting Reproductive Strategies of Two Nymphaea Species Affect Existing Natural Genetic Diversity as Assessed by Microsatellite Markers: Implications for Conservation and Wetlands Restoration.XLSX

Nymphaea, commonly known as water lily, is the largest and most widely distributed genus in the order Nymphaeales. The importance of Nymphaea in wetland ecosystems and their increased vulnerability make them a great choice for conservation and management. In this work, we studied genetic diversity in a collection of 90 N. micrantha and 92 N. nouchali individuals from six different states of India, i.e., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Goa, and Kerala, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed by low throughput Illumina sequencing (10X coverage of genome) of N. micrantha. Nymphaea nouchali is native to India, whereas N. micrantha is suggested to be introduced to the country for its aesthetic and cultural values. The study revealed extensive polymorphism in N. nouchali, while in N. micrantha, no apparent genetic divergence was detected prompting us to investigate the reason(s) by studying the reproductive biology of the two species. The study revealed that N. micrantha predominantly reproduces asexually which has impacted the genetic diversity of the species to a great extent. This observation is of immense importance for a successful re-establishment of Nymphaea species during restoration programs of wetlands. The information generated on reproductive behaviors and their association with genotypic richness can help in strategizing genetic resource conservation, especially for species with limited distribution. The study has also generated 22,268 non-redundant microsatellite loci, out of which, 143 microsatellites were tested for polymorphism and polymorphic markers were tested for transferability in five other Nymphaea species, providing genomic resources for further studies on this important genus.

睡莲属（Nymphaea），俗称睡莲，是睡莲目（Nymphaeales）中最大且分布最广泛的属。睡莲属在湿地生态系统中的重要性及其日益加剧的脆弱性，使其成为保护与管理研究的理想对象。本研究以印度阿萨姆邦、曼尼普尔邦、梅加拉亚邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、果阿邦及喀拉拉邦共6个邦的90株小花睡莲（N. micrantha）与92株蓝星睡莲（N. nouchali）个体为研究材料，利用通过小花睡莲低通量Illumina测序（基因组10倍覆盖度）开发的简单序列重复（simple sequence repeat，SSR）标记，对二者的遗传多样性展开分析。蓝星睡莲（N. nouchali）为印度本土物种，而小花睡莲（N. micrantha）则因兼具观赏与文化价值被认为是引入至印度的外来物种。本研究发现，蓝星睡莲存在丰富的多态性，而小花睡莲未检测到明显的遗传分化，这促使我们通过研究两个物种的生殖生物学来探究其背后的成因。研究结果表明，小花睡莲主要以无性繁殖为主，这在极大程度上影响了该物种的遗传多样性水平。该发现对于湿地修复项目中睡莲属物种的成功重建具有重要意义。本研究获得的生殖行为数据及其与基因型丰富度的关联信息，可为遗传资源保护策略的制定提供参考，尤其是对于分布范围有限的物种而言。本研究还获得了22268个非冗余微卫星位点，其中对143个微卫星位点进行了多态性检测，并针对多态性标记在另外5种睡莲属植物中开展了跨物种转移性检测，为该重要属的后续研究提供了基因组学资源。