GAS EXCHANGE IN ‘POME’ BANANA PLANTS GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate Pome type bananas grown under different irrigation systems. Seventy-two treatments were used in a factorial 3×2×12 scheme, where factors consisted of three irrigation systems (under-tree sprinkling, micro-sprinkling, and dripping), two cultivars (‘Prata-Anã‘ and ‘BRS Platina’), and twelve evaluation periods (months). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. During the third production cycle, plant phytotechnical and physiological traits were evaluated in different months at five different times of the day. The results showed no significant interactions between cultivars and irrigation systems. All the assessed traits varied for each irrigation system, except for plant yield. The banana plants presented higher vigor and a larger number of hands when grown under conventional sprinkling and micro-aspersion systems, regardless of the cultivar. The cultivar ‘Prata-Anã‘ has larger leaf areas and number of hands, regardless of the irrigation system. Moreover, plants irrigated by dripping exhibited higher leaf temperatures, higher transpiration rates, and lower instant water-use efficiency. When irrigated by micro-sprinklers, the plants displayed greater water-use efficiency. As leaf temperature rose, perspiration increased linearly, while the instant water-use efficiency decreased linearly.

摘要 本研究旨在评估不同灌溉系统下种植的梨果型香蕉（Pome type bananas）。试验采用3×2×12因子试验设计，共设置72个处理，试验因子包括3种灌溉系统（树下喷灌、微喷灌与滴灌）、2个香蕉品种（‘Prata-Anã’与‘BRS Platina’）以及12个评估周期（按月划分）。所有处理采用完全随机设计，设置5次重复。在第三个生产周期内，于不同月份的每日5个不同时间点测定植株的农艺与生理性状。结果表明，品种与灌溉系统间未出现显著交互作用。除植株产量外，各灌溉系统下的所有测定性状均存在差异。无论种植品种如何，采用传统树下喷灌与微喷灌系统的香蕉植株长势更旺盛，果梳数更多。‘Prata-Anã’品种的叶面积与果梳数均更大，且该特性不受灌溉系统影响。此外，采用滴灌的香蕉植株叶温更高、蒸腾速率更快，瞬时水分利用效率更低；采用微喷灌的植株则表现出更高的水分利用效率。随着叶温升高，蒸腾速率呈线性上升，瞬时水分利用效率则呈线性下降。