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This scoping review examines the factors that influence the international or global image of countries involved in international wars. Our analysis reveals that a country's international image during war is predominantly shaped by the dynamic interplay of three core factors: (1) Historical factors, providing cognitive and affective frameworks for interpreting conflict; (2) Diplomatic factors, managing critical narrative alignment and credibility constraints; and (3) Leadership factors, embodying national resolve through symbolic representation and communicative authenticity. While secondary factors (e.g., military conduct, cultural proximity) play a role, they are largely interpreted through these core mechanisms.

本范围综述（scoping review）旨在探讨影响参与国际战争国家的国际形象的各类因素。本研究分析表明，战争时期一国的国际形象主要由三大核心因素的动态交互作用所塑造：（1）历史因素：为冲突解读提供认知与情感框架；（2）外交因素：管控关键叙事一致性与可信度约束；（3）领导因素：通过符号化表征与传播真实性彰显国家决心。尽管次要因素（如军事行为、文化亲近度）也会产生影响，但这类因素的解读大多依托上述三大核心机制。