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Argentatins are secondary metabolites synthesized by guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) with numerous potential medical applications. In addition to inhibiting insect growth, they are endowed with several pharmacological properties including antimicrobial and antitumorigenic activity. However, their potential as immunomodulators remains unexplored. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether argentatins can modulate the function of the immune system. Human mesenchymal stem cells were treated with argentatins and the production of several anti- and proinflammatory cytokines was evaluated. The effect of argentatins on the polarization of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and macrophages was also assessed. Results demonstrated that argentatins can modulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the polarization of cellular phenotypes, including Th2 lymphocytes and M1 macrophages. These findings suggest that argentatins are promising therapeutic agents in autoimmune or allergic diseases, and open new perspectives for the investigation of argentatins in immune response and in the development of more targeted and effective immunomodulatory therapies.

银胶菊素（argentatins）是由银胶菊（Parthenium argentatum A. Gray）合成的次生代谢产物，具备诸多潜在医疗应用价值。除可抑制昆虫生长外，该类物质还拥有抗菌、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性。然而，其作为免疫调节剂的潜力尚未得到探索。本研究旨在探究银胶菊素是否能够调节免疫系统功能：研究人员采用银胶菊素处理人间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells），并对多种抗炎与促炎细胞因子的产生情况进行了评估；同时还考察了银胶菊素对CD4+ T淋巴细胞与巨噬细胞极化的影响。结果表明，银胶菊素可调节促炎细胞因子的产生，以及包括Th2淋巴细胞、M1型巨噬细胞在内的细胞表型极化。上述研究结果提示，银胶菊素有望成为自身免疫性或过敏性疾病的治疗药物，同时为银胶菊素在免疫应答领域的研究，以及开发更具靶向性与有效性的免疫调节疗法开辟了新的方向。