Initial growthing of corn under nutrient omission in nutritive solution

ABSTRACT The emergence of new corn hybrids may affect tolerance to nutritional deficiency culture. This study aimed to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiency and its relation to the development, content and nutrient accumulation in maize. The experiment was arranged in entirely randomized design, with seven treatments and three replications. The plants were cultivated in nutritive complete solution of Hoagland & Arnon (1950), and the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. The onset of symptoms of deficiency of N, P, K, Ca and Mg occurred at 5, 16, 16, 16 and 22, days after the transplant, respectively. The corn had lower dry matter production in the omission of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in relation to the complete treatment. Symptoms of deficiency of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were observed in the shoots of corn with levels equal to 7.8; 1.2; 15.7; 1.8 to 0.7 g kg-1 , respectively. Complete treatment in the N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the shoots were 30.6; 5.9; 63.7; 6.0 and 4.5 g kg-1, in that order, good nutritional status. The dry matter production will decrease in the omission of nutrients in the aerial part and in the roots, and the treatments had lower dry matter production were the omission of N and K. The absence of a nutrient, and reduce its content in the shoot, cause imbalance between the other nutrients, thus providing characteristic symptoms of deficiency of each nutrient.

摘要 新型玉米杂交品种可能会影响其在营养缺乏栽培条件下的耐受能力。本研究旨在明确玉米大量元素（macronutrient）缺乏的典型视觉症状特征，并探究其与玉米生长发育、植株养分含量及养分积累的关联。本试验采用完全随机设计，设置7个处理，3次重复。供试植株采用Hoagland & Arnon（1950）完全营养液培养，试验设置分别省略氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）及硫（S）元素的处理组。氮、磷、钾、钙、镁缺乏症状分别在移栽后5天、16天、16天、16天及22天开始显现。与完全营养液对照组相比，省略氮、磷、钾、钙、镁元素的处理组玉米干物质积累量更低。当玉米地上部养分浓度分别为7.8、1.2、15.7、1.8~0.7 g·kg⁻¹时，即可观测到氮、磷、钾、钙、镁缺乏症状。完全营养液对照组中，玉米地上部氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的含量依次为30.6、5.9、63.7、6.0及4.5 g·kg⁻¹，植株处于良好营养状态。省略养分元素会降低玉米地上部及根系的干物质积累量，其中氮、钾元素省略处理组的干物质积累量最低。单一养分元素的缺失及其在地上部含量的降低，会引发其他养分间的平衡失调，进而表现出对应养分缺乏的特征性症状。