Data_Sheet_1_Network Analysis of Time Use and Depressive Symptoms Among Emerging Adults: Findings From the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study.pdf

BackgroundTo date, the relationship between diverse time use behaviors and depression status among emerging adults have not been disentangled in the literature. Therefore, if and how the time displacement mechanism activates depressive symptoms among emerging adults remains unclear.
MethodsTo fill this gap in the literature, we employed a network analysis to make estimations. The emerging adult sample (N = 1,811) was collected by the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study. Time use behaviors were measured by an adaption of the self-administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
ResultsThe results revealed that the time displacement mechanism of emerging adults differed from that of adolescents. Sleep duration was not crowded out by other activities, while the time spent on computer use was found to be negatively related to time spent on heavy work activities. Moreover, computer use behavior triggered three depressive symptoms (“Anhedonia,” “Guilt,” and “Motor”), but inhibited “Suicide.” The results of the directed acyclic graph revealed that females and heavy drinkers were at risk of depression.
LimitationsThe study sample was confined to only one province, which may limit its generalizability. The cross-sectional design impeded the ability to draw causal inferences.
ConclusionOur results enhance the current understanding of the internal mechanism of how time use behaviors influence depressive symptoms among emerging adults.

研究背景：迄今为止，学界尚未厘清成年早期群体多样化时间使用行为与抑郁状态之间的关联。因此，时间置换机制是否以及如何触发成年早期群体的抑郁症状，目前仍不明确。
研究方法：为填补该研究空白，本研究采用网络分析法进行估算。研究样本（N=1811）来自贵州人群健康队列研究。时间使用行为通过自评式国际体力活动问卷（International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ）的改编版本进行测量，抑郁症状则采用9项患者健康问卷（Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9）进行评估。
研究结果：本研究结果显示，成年早期群体的时间置换机制与青少年群体存在差异。睡眠时长未被其他活动挤占，而计算机使用时长与重体力劳动时长呈负相关关系。此外，计算机使用行为会触发三项抑郁症状——快感缺失、内疚感与精神运动性症状，但会抑制自杀意念。定向无环图（Directed Acyclic Graph, DAG）的分析结果表明，女性与重度饮酒者罹患抑郁的风险更高。
研究局限性：本研究样本仅局限于单个省份，可能限制了研究结果的外推性；横断面研究设计也阻碍了因果推论的得出。
研究结论：本研究结果加深了学界对成年早期群体时间使用行为影响抑郁症状的内在机制的认知。