"Onco-Dialysis": An Advanced Multidisciplinary Extracorporeal Blood Purification Platform for Precision Circulating Tumor Cell Interception and Metastasis Mitigation

Metastatic disease, driven by the hematogenous spread of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), remains the leading cause of cancer mortality. This manuscript presents the advanced conceptual design for "Onco-Dialysis," a novel extracorporeal blood purification platform engineered to intercept and eliminate CTCs with high efficiency. By integrating cutting-edge principles from biomedical engineering, microfluidics, immuno-oncology, and materials science, the system aims to mitigate metastatic progression. The core of the platform is a multi-stage "Onco-Filter" module that employs a synergistic, multi-modal capture strategy: (1) initial CTC enrichment via size- and deformability-based microfluidic separation; (2) highly specific immunoaffinity binding using a broad-spectrum antibody cocktail that targets diverse CTC phenotypes, including those undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); and (3) optional magnetic sorting for enhanced purification. We delineate the complete system architecture, including the hemocompatible vascular interface and an integrated analytical unit for real-time molecular characterization of captured cells. Furthermore, we address the critical engineering, biological, and regulatory challenges inherent in translating this platform to clinical practice. "Onco-Dialysis" represents a paradigm shift from managing established metastases to proactive prevention, offering a transformative tool for precision oncology and personalized cancer therapy.本文针对由循环肿瘤细胞（Circulating Tumor Cells, CTCs）血行播散驱动的转移性疾病——这仍是癌症相关死亡的首要诱因——提出了“肿瘤透析（Onco-Dialysis）”的先进概念设计。该平台是一种新型体外血液净化系统，旨在高效截留并清除循环肿瘤细胞。本平台整合了生物医学工程、微流控技术、免疫肿瘤学及材料科学领域的前沿原理，以期延缓转移性疾病进展。平台的核心为多级“肿瘤过滤器（Onco-Filter）”模块，采用协同多模态捕获策略：其一，通过基于尺寸与变形能力的微流控分离技术实现循环肿瘤细胞的初步富集；其二，使用靶向多种循环肿瘤细胞表型（包括发生上皮-间质转化（Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, EMT）的细胞）的广谱抗体组合，达成高特异性免疫亲和结合；其三，可选配磁分选模块以进一步强化纯化效果。本文详细阐述了完整的系统架构，包括血液相容性血管接口，以及用于对捕获细胞开展实时分子表征的集成分析单元。此外，本文还探讨了将该平台转化为临床应用时所面临的关键工程、生物学与监管挑战。“肿瘤透析”代表了从治疗已形成的转移性疾病到主动预防的范式转变，可为精准肿瘤学与个性化癌症治疗提供变革性工具。