Difference and characteristics of anthocyanin from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot cultivated at five regions in Xinjiang

Abstract Anthocyanin plays an important role in wine color and quality. The anthocyanin concentration in grapes depends on the variety and is influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature, sunlight, soil, and grapevine practice. In this study, the anthocyanin profiles of two varieties, namely Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, from five regions (11 plots) in Xinjiang were examined. The climatic parameters performed noticeable difference between northern and southern of Xinjiang region. Result showed that northern of Xinjiang possessed the relatively lower humidity and higher average temperature in comparison with southern area. In addition, the total anthocyanin profiles of Cabernet sauvignon, which in Changji, Wushitala, Heshuo respectively, were higher than of other plots. This result might be caused by which those have relatively higher altitude than in other plots. For merlot, the higher anthocyanin concentrations performed in southern of Xinjiang, which could be contributed to the lower average temperature and higher relative humidity. Comparing Cabernet sauvignon and Merlot, the latter was easily affected by environment factors, and the anthocyanin composition and concentration of Merlot showed significant differences in different regions.

摘要：花青素（Anthocyanin）对葡萄酒的色泽与品质具有关键作用。葡萄中花青素的含量由品种决定，同时受温度、光照、土壤及葡萄栽培措施等环境因素影响。本研究对新疆5个产区共11个样地的赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）与梅洛（Merlot）两个葡萄品种的花青素谱特征开展了检测分析。新疆南北疆的气候参数存在显著差异：北疆的空气湿度相对更低、平均气温高于南疆。此外，种植于昌吉、乌什塔拉和和硕的赤霞珠总花青素含量均高于其他样地，该现象可能源于上述样地海拔相对更高。而梅洛的高花青素含量集中于南疆，这可能与南疆较低的平均气温和较高的相对湿度有关。对比两个品种可知，梅洛更易受环境因素影响，其花青素组成与含量在不同产区间存在显著差异。