Mygalomorph spiders: Discrete data matrix of burrow construction behavior and somatic morphology

Mygalomorph spiders (trapdoor spiders and their kin) have long been associated with high levels of homoplasy, and many convergent features can be intuitively associated with different behavioral niches. This dataset includes two discrete behavioral characters and 55 somatic morphological characters (scored from adult females), for 110 genera of mygalomorph spiders, along with a complete reference list and exemplar list used when constructing the dataset. This dataset was used to reconstruct the evolution of burrowing behavior in the Mygalomorphae, compare the influence of behavior and evolutionary history on somatic morphology, and test hypotheses of correlated evolution between specific morphological features and behavior. The results revealed the simplicity of the mygalomorph adaptive landscape, with opportunistic, web-building taxa at one end, and burrowing/nesting taxa with structurally-modified burrow entrances (e.g., a trapdoor) at the other. Shifts in behavioral niche, in both directions, are common across the evolutionary history of the Mygalomorphae, and several major clades include taxa inhabiting both behavioral extremes. Somatic morphology is heavily influenced by behavior, with taxa inhabiting the same behavioral niche often more similar morphologically than more closely-related but behaviorally-divergent taxa.

Methods
We scored this dataset by combining a semi-exhaustive literature review with exemplar cross-checking. Morphological characters were scored exclusively from adult females because adult male morphology is at least partially adapted for the terrestrial dispersal phase that they undergo, whereas female morphology is more representative of the general morphology of the species (in that juveniles of both sexes resemble adult females) and is presumably adapted to the sedentary lifestyle of the species. Most of our morphological characters correspond closely with those scored in previous morphological analyses of the Mygalomorphae, with some modifications to decrease ambiguity. Many genera are polymorphic for behavior and/or morphology, and this is reflected in the dataset. A list of relevant references and an exemplar specimen list are included in this dataset.

长期以来，学界普遍认为原蛛下目（Mygalomorphae，即陷阱蛛及其近缘类群）存在极高水平的趋同演化（homoplasy），且诸多趋同特征可直观地与不同的行为生态位相关联。本数据集涵盖了110个原蛛下目属级类群的2个离散行为性状与55个躯体形态性状（所有性状评分均基于成年雌性个体），同时包含了数据集构建过程中使用的完整参考文献列表与典型标本列表。该数据集被用于三大研究方向：一是重构原蛛下目掘洞行为的演化历程，二是对比行为与演化历史对躯体形态的影响，三是检验特定形态特征与行为间的协同演化假说。研究结果揭示了原蛛下目适应性演化景观的简洁性：一端为机会主义结网类群，另一端则为具有结构化改造洞穴入口（如陷阱门）的掘洞/筑巢类群。在原蛛下目的演化历程中，行为生态位的双向转变极为普遍，多个主要演化支均包含同时占据两种行为极端类型的类群。躯体形态在很大程度上受行为因素影响，占据相同行为生态位的类群在形态上往往比亲缘关系更近但行为分化的类群更为相似。

研究方法
我们通过半穷尽式文献综述结合典型标本交叉核对的方式完成本数据集的性状评分。躯体形态性状仅基于成年雌性个体进行评分，原因在于成年雄性的形态至少部分适应于其经历的陆生扩散阶段，而雌性形态更能代表物种的典型躯体特征（两性幼体均与成年雌性形态相似），且推测其适应于物种的定居生活方式。本研究的多数躯体形态性状与此前原蛛下目形态分析中使用的性状高度吻合，仅做了部分修改以降低歧义。诸多类群存在行为和/或形态的多态性，这一点已在数据集中得到体现。本数据集同时包含了相关参考文献列表与典型标本清单。