Data_Sheet_1_Gut microbiota in women with gestational diabetes mellitus has potential impact on metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring.docx

Studies have shown that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is closely related to abnormalities in the gut microbiota, and the offspring of these women have an increased risk of diabetes. There is no direct evidence of whether bacteria in women with GDM colonize the intestinal tract of offspring and cause hyperglycemia. In this fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), pregnant mouse model study, two groups of germ-free (GF) mice after FMT showed different colonization patterns of gut microbiota and phenotype. Compared with the control group (healthy-FMT), we found in the GDM-FMT group as a lower relative abundance of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium; a lower content of short-chain fatty acids and naringenin in feces; an elevated blood glucose; an inflammatory factor expression (TNF-α, CXCL-15, and IL-6), and a hepatic fat deposition. In addition, the influence of the gut microbiota continued in offspring. The gut microbiota of the offspring of GDM-FMT mice was still different from that of the control group as a lower relative abundance of Akkermansia and Parvibacter; and a higher relative abundance of bacteria such as Oscillibacter, Romboutsia, and Harryflintia. In addition, the offspring of GDM-FMT mice had higher body weight and blood glucose levels than the control offspring.

已有研究证实，妊娠糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM）与肠道菌群（gut microbiota）异常密切相关，且此类孕妇的后代罹患糖尿病的风险显著升高。目前尚无直接证据表明，GDM孕妇体内的细菌是否会定植于后代肠道并引发高血糖。本项基于粪便菌群移植（fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT）的孕鼠模型研究中，两组接受FMT的无菌小鼠（germ-free, GF）展现出截然不同的肠道菌群定植模式与表型。与对照组（健康-FMT）相比，GDM-FMT组小鼠的粪便样本中，阿克曼菌属（Akkermansia）与粪杆菌属（Faecalibacterium）的相对丰度更低；短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids）与柚皮素（naringenin）的含量更少；血糖水平升高；炎症因子（TNF-α、CXCL-15及IL-6）表达上调，且出现肝脏脂肪沉积（hepatic fat deposition）。此外，肠道菌群的影响可延续至后代阶段。GDM-FMT小鼠后代的肠道菌群仍与对照组存在显著差异：阿克曼菌属与小杆菌属（Parvibacter）的相对丰度更低，而颤杆菌属（Oscillibacter）、罗姆布茨菌属（Romboutsia）及哈里弗林蒂亚菌属（Harryflintia）等菌属的相对丰度更高。同时，GDM-FMT小鼠的后代体重与血糖水平均显著高于对照组后代。