Effects of a new approach of aerobic interval training on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters of metabolic syndrome subjects

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of 16 weeks of periodized aerobic interval training (AIT) on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters of metabolic syndrome (Mets) individuals. Subjects and methods: The sample was composed of 52 subjects with a diagnosis of Mets, allocated into two groups: AIT (AITG; n = 26) and control (CG; n = 26). The AITG was submitted to a periodized AIT program, over 16 weeks, while CG was not submitted to any training program. To evaluate the autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters in both groups, heart rate variability (HRV) indices, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were measured at the beginning and end of the training. Results: Statistically significant differences were not observed in HFms2 (high frequency in milisseconds), LFnu (low frequency in normality unit), HFnu (high frequency in normality unit), and LF/HF ratio indices, or in the cardiovascular parameters BP and HR when comparing the AITG with the CG. However, significant increases in rMSSD (root-means square differences of successive R-R intervals), LFms2 (low frequency in milliseconds), and SDNN (standard deviation of normal to normal intervals) were observed in the AITG. Conclusion: Periodized AIT promoted positive effects on autonomic modulation of Mets subjects, characterized by an increase in the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and global modulation of this population. Additionally, cardiovascular parameter alterations were not observed in Mets subjects submitted to periodized AIT.

摘要
目的：评估16周周期化有氧间歇训练（Periodized Aerobic Interval Training, AIT）对代谢综合征（Metabolic Syndrome, Mets）患者心脏自主神经调控及心血管参数的影响。
对象与方法：本研究纳入52名确诊为代谢综合征的受试者，划分为两组：有氧间歇训练组（AITG; n = 26）与对照组（CG; n = 26）。训练组接受为期16周的周期化有氧间歇训练方案，对照组则不接受任何训练干预。于训练开始前及结束后，分别测定两组受试者的心率变异性（Heart Rate Variability, HRV）指标、血压（Blood Pressure, BP）及心率（Heart Rate, HR），以评估其自主神经调控与心血管参数水平。
结果：相较于对照组，训练组在毫秒级高频成分（HFms2）、归一化低频成分（LFnu）、归一化高频成分（HFnu）及低频/高频比值（LF/HF ratio），以及血压、心率等心血管参数上均未观察到统计学显著性差异。但训练组的连续RR间期均方根差（rMSSD）、毫秒级低频成分（LFms2）及正常窦性RR间期标准差（SDNN）均出现显著升高。
结论：周期化有氧间歇训练可对代谢综合征患者的自主神经调控产生积极影响，具体表现为该人群的副交感神经、交感神经及整体自主神经调控水平均得到提升。此外，接受周期化有氧间歇训练的代谢综合征患者未出现心血管参数的显著改变。