Data from: Evaluation of the implementation fidelity of the seasonal malaria chemoprevention intervention in Kaya health district, Burkina Faso

Background: Burkina Faso implemented the seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in 2014 in seven pilot health districts, following the new recommendation by the WHO in 2012 for the prevention of the disease in children under five years old, for areas of highly seasonal malaria transmission.
The objective of this study was to assess the implementation fidelity of the seasonal malaria chemoprevention strategy in one of the districts, Kaya Health District.
Methodology: We conducted a case study, with a quantitative and qualitative mixed methods. Data were collected after two campaigns of implementation of the intervention, in 2014 and 2015, through a review of specific documents of SMC intervention, and individual interview with key informants (n = 21) involved at various levels in the implementation of the strategy and a household survey with the parents (n = 284) of eligible children for the SMC strategy in 2015 in the Kaya health district. The analysis framework focused on the fidelity of the intervention's content, its coverage, and its schedule, as well as the potential moderating factors, using the model proposed by Hasson, originally from Carroll.
Results: All components of the intervention were implemented. Villages and sectors were covered at 100%. In terms of intervention doses received, less than one-third of eligible children (32.3%) received the recommended four doses in 2015. Implementation of the strategy faced some difficulties due to insufficient training of community distributors, inadequate supply of inputs and insufficient financial resources for remuneration, advocacy and supervision, but also because of the contextual constraints due to the rainy season. Moreover, an interaction between the different moderating factors, influencing the degree of implementation of the strategy was noted.
Conclusion: Taking into account the moderating factors of the implementation is necessary for achieving the highest possible degree of implementation fidelity and then, reach the expected beneficial effects.

背景：2012年世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）针对高季节性疟疾传播地区提出了针对5岁以下儿童的疟疾预防新建议，布基纳法索于2014年在7个试点卫生区推行了季节性疟疾化学预防（seasonal malaria chemoprevention，SMC）项目。
本研究旨在评估其中一个试点卫生区——卡亚卫生区（Kaya Health District）的季节性疟疾化学预防策略实施保真度。
方法：本研究采用定量与定性相结合的混合研究方法开展个案研究。研究数据采集于2014年与2015年两轮干预实施完成后，通过三种途径收集：一是查阅季节性疟疾化学预防干预专项文档，二是对参与该策略各层级实施工作的共21名关键知情人开展个人访谈，三是于2015年对卡亚卫生区符合季节性疟疾化学预防招募条件的共284名儿童的家长开展家庭问卷调查。本研究的分析框架基于Hasson提出、源自Carroll的模型，聚焦于干预内容的保真度、覆盖范围、实施进度，以及潜在调节因素。
结果：本研究中，干预的所有组分均得到落实，村庄与服务片区覆盖率达100%。但在干预剂次获取方面，2015年仅32.3%的符合条件儿童接受了推荐的4剂次预防用药。该策略的实施面临诸多困难：社区推广人员培训不足、物资供应短缺、用于薪酬、宣传与督导的财政资源匮乏，同时还受雨季带来的现实环境制约。此外，不同调节因素之间存在交互作用，对该策略的实施程度产生影响。
结论：若要实现尽可能高的实施保真度，进而达成预期的有益效果，必须充分考虑干预实施过程中的各类调节因素。