Correlations for factors.

Young children’s eating behavior is crucial for any further development of healthy eating. Early eating behavior are often assessed through parental report. The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a widely used parental questionnaire that has been validated in families of different gender, age and cultural background. Research has shown that the 8-factor structure has some inconsistencies and sample characteristics such as age, gender, and culture can influence the results. To which extent such sample characteristics might influence results within a multi-lingual culture has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the factor structure of the CEBQ among 511 preschool children of the French and German parts of Switzerland, aged 2 to 6 years (Mean 3.85 years; SD 0.69). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a modified structure of the original questionnaire, with a 7-factor structure providing a reasonable fit to the data (TLI = 0.954, CFI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.063 and SRMR = 0.067). The subscale ‘Desire to drink’ was removed, and a few items moved to other subscales as they loaded higher on a different subscale compared to the original model. Reliabilities based on the coefficient omega were acceptable to satisfying across the seven factors, ranging from 0.66 to 0.90. There were no significant gender or age differences, but French speaking children showed higher levels of ‘Satiety responsiveness’ and lower ‘Enjoyment of food’ than German speaking children. Yet, these effects were small. The German and French CEBQ are valid and reliable versions of the original CEBQ and can be used in a multicultural context.

幼儿进食行为对于健康饮食习惯的后续养成至关重要。早期进食行为通常通过家长报告的方式进行评估。儿童进食行为问卷（Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, CEBQ）是一款被广泛应用的家长报告问卷，已在不同性别、年龄与文化背景的家庭群体中完成效度验证。已有研究表明，该问卷的八因子结构存在一定不一致性，且样本特征（如年龄、性别与文化背景）会对研究结果产生影响。目前尚未有研究探讨此类样本特征在多语言文化背景下会在何种程度上影响研究结果。因此，本研究旨在针对瑞士法语区与德语区的511名2至6岁学龄前儿童（平均年龄3.85岁，标准差0.69），评估儿童进食行为问卷的因子结构。验证性因子分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis）结果显示，原问卷的因子结构得到了修正：七因子模型对数据具备良好的拟合度（TLI=0.954，CFI=0.952，RMSEA=0.063，SRMR=0.067）。研究移除了“饮水欲望”分量表，且将部分条目调整至其他分量表，因为相较于原始模型，这些条目在其他分量表上的载荷更高。基于欧米伽系数（coefficient omega）计算的信度结果在七个分量表中均处于可接受至优良水平，区间为0.66至0.90。本研究未发现显著的性别或年龄差异，但法语区儿童的“饱足反应性”水平高于德语区儿童，而其“食物享受度”则低于德语区儿童，不过此类效应量较小。瑞士德语版与法语版儿童进食行为问卷均具备良好的信效度，可应用于多元文化研究场景。