Genome of Plasmopara vitacola 'YL'

Plasmopara viticola is the most destructive pathogen of grapevine in the world. Here we reported the genome sequence of the P. viticola isolate ‘YL’ genome which at 127.88 Mb with an N50 of 235.51 Kb. 41,381 putative genes were identified in genome of P. viticola including 91 RXLR genes and 32 CRN genes. Functional analysis of all the identified genes revealed RNA processing and modification owning more than 5,000 genes and was the major gene cluster in P. viticola. Moreover, RXLR genes were clustered in a small region on chromosome of P. viticola. Pan-genome analysis of P. viticola, P. halstedii and P. nicotianae indicated conserved biological process but core gene dataset contained no RXLR or CRN genes. The genome resource provides the basis for new approaches to fight downy mildew pathogens by targeting core pathogenicity effectors. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential.

葡萄霜霉菌（Plasmopara viticola）是全球范围内危害葡萄的最具破坏性的病原物。本研究报道了葡萄霜霉菌分离株‘YL’的基因组序列，其组装基因组大小为127.88 Mb，N50值为235.51 Kb。研究团队在该基因组中共鉴定出41381个候选基因，其中包含91个RXLR基因（RXLR gene）与32个CRN基因（CRN gene）。对所有鉴定到的基因进行功能分析后发现，参与RNA加工与修饰的基因数量超过5000个，是该菌中占比最高的基因簇。此外，RXLR基因在葡萄霜霉菌的染色体上聚集于一个较小的区域。对葡萄霜霉菌、哈氏霜霉菌（Plasmopara halstedii）和烟草霜霉菌（Plasmopara nicotianae）开展泛基因组分析结果显示，三者的生物学过程较为保守，但核心基因集并未包含RXLR基因与CRN基因。该基因组资源为通过靶向核心致病效应因子研发防治霜霉病病原菌的新途径提供了重要依据。这一发现可能对该病原物快速适应寄主植物的能力起到关键作用，并为其进化潜力奠定了基础。