Mixed urogenital and intestinal Schistosomiasis in Ilie and Ore, Osun State Nigeria

This study investigated the co-occurrence of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni in two endemic communities in southwest Nigeria. Previous studies had always focus on single species infections without considering the effect of mixed schistosomiasis on the prevalence, intensity, and host morbidity. Both S. haematobium and S. mansoni occur in Nigeria, with S. haematobium having a higher prevalence. These two parasites occurring together in an individual have led to the egg of the parasites being recovered from an unusual route; a phenomenon refers to as ectopic egg elimination. This study confirms the occurrence of this inter-specific interaction between S. haematobium and S. mansoni, resulting in the recovering the egg of S. mansoni in urine (ectopic egg elimination). The data was collected in Ore and llie communities, Osun State, Nigeria. The two communities are located very closely on latitude 4°34' and 4°36'E, and Longitude 7°56' and 7°58'N, and only separated by a dam in the rain forest zone. The study population consisted of primary and secondary school children aged 4–19 years attending Ore community Primary and Secondary School and Ilie community Primary and secondary school. The presence of the Sh egg was detected using the urine filtration technique, as previously described. For stool analysis, two Kato–Katz thick smear was prepared using 41.7 mg template of the stool material each and microscopically examined for Sm and other intestinal parasites. Individual demographic and other information was collected with a structured questionnaire.

本研究针对尼日利亚西南部的两个血吸虫病流行社区，开展了埃及血吸虫（Schistosoma haematobium）与曼氏血吸虫（Schistosoma mansoni，以下简称S. mansoni）共感染情况的调查。既往相关研究多聚焦于单一血吸虫感染，未考量混合血吸虫病感染对疾病流行率、感染强度及宿主发病状态的影响。埃及血吸虫与曼氏血吸虫均在尼日利亚境内流行，其中埃及血吸虫的感染流行率更高。当两种寄生虫同时感染同一宿主时，可在非常规排泄途径检出寄生虫虫卵，该现象被称为异位排卵（ectopic egg elimination）。本研究证实了埃及血吸虫与曼氏血吸虫之间存在此种种间相互作用，成功在尿液样本中检出曼氏血吸虫虫卵，即异位排卵现象。本研究的数据采集于尼日利亚奥孙州的奥雷（Ore）与伊利（Ilie）社区，两个社区地理位置毗邻，纬度介于4°34'与4°36'E之间，经度介于7°56'与7°58'N之间，仅被雨林区域内的一座水坝分隔。研究对象为就读于奥雷社区中小学及伊利社区中小学的4至19岁中小学生。采用此前报道的尿液过滤法检测埃及血吸虫虫卵；粪便检测则制备两份Kato-Katz厚涂片，每份粪便样本使用41.7mg的制样模板，随后镜检曼氏血吸虫虫卵与其他肠道寄生虫。采用结构化问卷收集研究对象的人口统计学信息及其他相关研究资料。