STUDY ON YOUTH HANDBALL REGULATIONS: A DOCUMENTAL ANALYSIS ON THE MANDATORY USE OF INDIVIDUAL DEFENSIVE SYSTEM IN UNDER -12 AND UNDER-14 COMPETITIONS

ABSTRACT Youth competitions should be transformed into a learning environment appropriate to the development of physical, psychological, technical-tactical skills adjusted to young players. In handball competitions the use of compulsory individual defense from 11 to 14 years of age is presented by literature, but in-depth studies are required. This study describes the use of the individual defensive system in under-12 and under-14 handball competitions, based on chronological-temporal and structural-functional aspects. We conducted a documental research in São Paulo competitions held in 2016, through methodological triangulation between qualitative methods. The use of individual defensive system is mandatory in specific periods of the game, is used with greater volume from 11 to 13 years of age, being used by a minimum proximity of one meter between defenders and attackers and is performed at least in defensive half-court. It is a defensive system that suits the learning of these categories, but demands attention of coaches for the physiological questions of young athletes. The possibility of exploiting larger defensive spaces presupposes the existence of punishments to inhibit gamesmanship and cheating attitudes of coaches and athletes in search of offensive and defensive logic of the game compliance.摘要：青少年赛事应转型为适配青少年运动员身心发展与技战术能力提升的学习型竞技环境。在手球赛事中，11至14岁年龄段强制性个人防守的应用方式已为现有文献提及，但仍需开展深入研究。本研究基于时空维度与结构功能层面，探讨U12及U14手球赛事中个人防守体系的应用情况。本研究以2016年圣保罗举办的手球赛事为研究对象，采用定性研究方法间的三角验证法开展文献调研。个人防守体系在赛事的特定时段为强制使用方式，在11至13岁年龄段的使用频次更高，该体系要求防守球员与进攻球员之间的最小间距为1米，且至少需在防守半场内执行。该防守体系适配该年龄段组别运动员的学习需求，但教练员需关注青少年运动员的生理相关问题。若要利用更大的防守空档，前提是需建立处罚机制，以遏制教练员与运动员为追求符合赛事攻防逻辑的合规打法之外的取巧、作弊行为。