Table_1_The association of healthy eating index with periodontitis in National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2011–2012.DOCX

AimPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by periodontopathic bacteria that causes inflammation of the supporting tissues around teeth. Previous studies have found that daily dietary nutritional intake can influence the development of periodontal disease. However, research on the Healthy Eating Index’s involvement in periodontitis is limited. The purpose of this study was to look at the link between the Healthy Eating Index and periodontitis.
Methods and designWe examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES), a nationally representative survey that was performed in 2-year cycles from 2011 to 2012. As part of our investigation, we used multivariate logistic regression models to investigate the independent relationship between the Healthy Eating Index and periodontitis. We used odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals to assess the significance of the connection (95% CI).
ResultsIndividuals with a lower total healthy eating index were more likely to have periodontitis. A higher healthy diet index was associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis (OR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.49–0.97), according to adjusted multivariate regression models. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed that the non-linear relationship between HEI-2015 and periodontitis was statistically significant and that high HEI-2015 reduced periodontitis prevalence.
ConclusionThe study’s findings revealed that dietary structure was linked to the prevalence of periodontitis. Patients with a higher Healthy Eating Index were less likely to have periodontitis. There is a need for future prospective longitudinal studies to confirm causality.

牙周炎（Periodontitis）是一种由牙周致病菌引发的慢性炎症性疾病，可导致牙齿周围支持组织发生炎症。既往研究表明，每日膳食营养摄入可影响牙周疾病的发生发展，但针对健康饮食指数（Healthy Eating Index）与牙周炎关联的相关研究仍较为有限。本研究旨在探讨健康饮食指数与牙周炎之间的关联。
研究方法与设计 本研究分析了2011-2012年两年周期的全国代表性调查——美国国家健康与营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, NHANES）的数据。本研究采用多因素logistic回归模型，探究健康饮食指数与牙周炎之间的独立关联，并以比值比（odds ratios, OR）及95%置信区间（95% confidence intervals, 95%CI）评估关联的统计学显著性。
研究结果 总健康饮食指数评分较低的个体罹患牙周炎的风险更高。经校正的多因素回归模型结果显示，较高的健康饮食指数评分与较低的牙周炎患病率相关（OR=0.69；95%CI：0.49–0.97）。限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline, RCS）分析表明，HEI-2015与牙周炎之间存在显著的非线性关联，且较高的HEI-2015评分可降低牙周炎的患病率。
研究结论 本研究结果显示，膳食结构与牙周炎患病率存在关联，健康饮食指数评分较高的个体罹患牙周炎的风险更低。未来仍需开展前瞻性纵向研究以验证二者的因果关系。