<b>Efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis</b>

The advent of immunotherapy has enriched the therapeutic landscape of UC by challenging the existing therapeutic limitations of the chemotherapy era. Despite improved survival outcomes with immunotherapeutic agents, only 30% of patients who qualify for treatment experience lasting clinical benefit, possibly reflecting heterogeneous disease biology. In order to understand the best treatment decisions and to guide recommendations, we aimed to systematically evaluate the available evidence in the literature regarding the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy agents in patients with advanced uroepithelial cancer.

免疫治疗的问世突破了化疗时代的固有治疗局限，丰富了尿路上皮癌（UC）的治疗格局。尽管免疫治疗药物可改善患者的生存预后，但仅有30%符合治疗适应证的患者可获得持久的临床获益，这或与疾病生物学的异质性相关。为明确最优治疗方案决策并指导临床诊疗推荐，本研究旨在系统评估已发表文献中关于免疫治疗药物用于晚期尿路上皮癌患者的安全性与有效性证据。