Three-gene phylogeny of the genus Arthroderma: Basis for future taxonomic studies. Three-gene phylogeny of the genus Arthroderma: Basis for future taxonomic studies

Arthroderma is the most diverse genus among dermatophytes encompassing species occurring in soil, caves, animal burrows, clinical material and other environments. In this study, we collected ex-type, reference and authentic strains of all currently accepted Arthroderma species and generated sequences of three highly variable loci (ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α). The number of accepted species was expanded to 27. One novel species, A. melbournense (ex-type strain CCF 6162T = CBS 145858T), is described. This species was isolated from toenail dust collected by a podiatrist in Melbourne, during an epidemiological study of four geographical regions of Eastern Australia. Trichophyton terrestre, Chrysosporium magnisporum, and Chrysosporium oceanitis are transferred to Arthroderma. Typification is provided for T. terrestre that is not conspecific with any of the supposed biological species from the former T. terrestre complex, that is, A. insingulare, A. lenticulare and A. quadrifidum. A multi-gene phylogeny and reference sequences provided in this study should serve as a basis for future phylogenetic studies and facilitate species identification in practice.

节皮菌属（Arthroderma）是皮肤癣菌（dermatophytes）中多样性最高的类群，其物种广泛分布于土壤、洞穴、动物巢穴、临床样本及其他多种环境中。本研究收集了当前所有公认的节皮菌属物种的模式菌株（ex-type strain）、参考菌株及标准菌株，并对三个高度可变的基因座——ITS核糖体DNA（ITS rDNA）、β-微管蛋白（β-tubulin）以及翻译延伸因子1-α（translation elongation factor 1-α）进行了测序。本研究将该属的公认物种数量扩充至27种，同时描述了一个新种：墨尔本节皮菌（A. melbournense），其模式菌株为CCF 6162^T = CBS 145858^T。该新种是在澳大利亚东部四个地理区域的流行病学研究期间，由墨尔本的一名足病医师从采集的趾甲碎屑中分离得到的。研究将土毛癣菌（Trichophyton terrestre）、大孢金孢子菌（Chrysosporium magnisporum）与海洋金孢子菌（Chrysosporium oceanitis）归入节皮菌属。此外，本文为土毛癣菌（T. terrestre）提供了模式指定，该菌与原土毛癣菌复合群中所有假定的生物种（即单隔节皮菌A. insingulare、透镜节皮菌A. lenticulare及四裂节皮菌A. quadrifidum）均非同物异名。本研究提供的多基因系统发育分析结果与参考序列，可为后续系统发育研究奠定基础，并为实际物种鉴定工作提供便利。