Diversity of macrofungi and exploitation of edible mushroom resources in the National Park “Appennino Lucano, Val D'Agri, Lagonegrese” (Italy)

An investigation on the macrofungal diversity of the National Park “Appennino Lucano, Val D'Agri, Lagonegrese” (Basilicata, southern Italy) was carried out, together with an evaluation of wild edible mushrooms in agro-forest ecosystems and their possible exploitation as a new source of food and revenue in rural and under-developed areas of this region. An unpublished list of 249 mushroom taxa (229 <i>Basidiomycota</i> and 20 <i>Ascomycota</i>), mostly belonging to the genera <i>Tricholoma</i>, <i>Tuber</i>, <i>Russula</i>, <i>Amanita</i>, <i>Boletus</i>, <i>Lactarius</i>, <i>Mycena</i>, <i>Agaricus</i>, <i>Clitocybe</i> and <i>Hygrophorus</i>, growing in this important natural area is provided together with ecological characterization of the recorded specimens. <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> is a new record for Basilicata, while <i>Mycena bresadolana</i> is reported for the first time from southern Italy. The presence of <i>Amaurodon mustialaënsis</i>, an extremely rare species of the northern hemisphere reported for the first time on white fir, is noteworthy. Among the previous findings, 116 species of edible mushrooms are presented and discussed in view of their relative abundance and edibility.

本研究针对意大利南部巴西利卡塔（Basilicata）大区的「卢卡诺亚平宁、瓦尔德阿格里、拉戈内格雷塞」国家公园开展大型真菌多样性调查，同步评估该区域农林生态系统中的野生食用蘑菇资源，并探讨其作为该地区农村与欠发达地区新型食物及收入来源的开发潜力。本研究提供了一份未公开的真菌类群名录，共收录249个类群，其中229个隶属于担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、20个隶属于子囊菌门（Ascomycota），绝大多数类群归属于口蘑属（Tricholoma）、块菌属（Tuber）、红菇属（Russula）、鹅膏属（Amanita）、牛肝菌属（Boletus）、乳菇属（Lactarius）、小菇属（Mycena）、蘑菇属（Agaricus）、杯伞属（Clitocybe）及蜡伞属（Hygrophorus），并对所记录的标本进行了生态特征描述。其中斜针层孔菌（Inonotus obliquus）为巴西利卡塔大区的新记录物种，布雷斯小菇（Mycena bresadolana）为意大利南部首次报道的物种。值得关注的是极罕见的北半球物种白齿革菌（Amaurodon mustialaënsis），本次为其首次在白冷杉上的发现记录。此外，研究针对其中116种食用蘑菇，结合其相对丰度与可食用性展开了详细阐述与讨论。