Fertility of buds and pruning recommendation of different grapevine varieties grown in altitude regions of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

ABSTRACT Low bud fertility index is frequently observed in different grapevine varieties grown in high altitude of Santa Catarina Sate; in many cases less than one cluster per bud is observed. The objective of this study was to assess bud fertility of twenty six Vitis vinifera L. varieties and from this information, to recommend the method of pruning more suitable for these varieties in high altitude conditions. The grapevine canes and buds were collected from production vineyards located in São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State, in two consecutive vintages. Fifteen cane cuttings containing 10 nodes per variety were collected to determine bud fertility and placed in a growth chamber with controlled relative humidity, light, temperature. After budbreak, buds were classified as fertile or non-fertile according to the presence or absence of the inflorescence. The bud fertility varies according to the variety and its position in the cane. Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tinta Roriz and Tinta Caiada, which present higher fertility in basal buds, are recommended for short or long pruning. The varieties Chardonnay, Manzoni Bianco, Sauvignon Blanc, Sangiovese, Pinot Gris, Tempranillo, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Montepulciano, and Touriga Nacional should be pruned preferentially in long pruning. While the varieties Viognier, Glera (Prosecco), Fiano, Garganega, Vermentino, Nebbiolo, Teroldego, Rebo, Canaiolo Nero and Touriga Francesa must be pruned exclusively with long pruning in order to ensure adequate cluster production.

摘要 在圣卡塔琳娜州高海拔地区种植的各类葡萄品种中，常可观察到芽育性（bud fertility）指数偏低的情况，多数情况下每芽仅能产出不足1个果穗。
本研究旨在评估26个欧洲葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）品种的芽育性，并基于此为高海拔条件下的这些品种推荐适配的修剪方式。
研究于连续两个采收季，从圣卡塔琳娜州圣若昂（São Joaquim）的商业葡萄园采集葡萄枝条与芽体。每个品种采集15根带10个节的枝条插条以测定芽育性，并将其置于温湿度、光照及温度均可控的生长箱内。萌芽后，根据花序的有无将芽体划分为可育芽与不可育芽。
芽育性因品种及其在枝条上的位置而异。
梅洛（Merlot）、品丽珠（Cabernet Franc）、赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）、红洛瑞兹（Tinta Roriz）以及卡亚达红（Tinta Caiada）的基生芽育性较高，推荐采用短梢修剪或长梢修剪。
霞多丽（Chardonnay）、曼佐尼白（Manzoni Bianco）、长相思（Sauvignon Blanc）、桑娇维塞（Sangiovese）、灰皮诺（Pinot Gris）、丹魄（Tempranillo）、黑皮诺（Pinot Noir）、西拉（Syrah）、蒙特普尔恰诺（Montepulciano）以及国产多瑞加（Touriga Nacional）应优先采用长梢修剪。
而维欧尼（Viognier）、格拉拉（Glera，又名普罗塞克Prosecco）、菲亚诺（Fiano）、加尔加内加（Garganega）、韦尔芒蒂诺（Vermentino）、内比奥洛（Nebbiolo）、特罗尔德戈（Teroldego）、雷博（Rebo）、卡纳奥洛·内罗（Canaiolo Nero）以及多瑞加弗朗西萨（Touriga Francesa）必须仅采用长梢修剪，以保障充足的果穗产量。