Bat fly-associated Laboulbeniales log files SSU+LSU

Output log files of the BEAST analysis of the two-gene dataset (SSU+LSU), under a GTR+I model of nucleotide substitution. Four independent runs were performed for 80 million generations.--Haelewaters et al. 2018. Laboulbeniales hyperparasites (Fungi, Ascomycota) of bat flies: Independent origins and host associations. DOI:10.1002/ece3.4359ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore the diversity of ectoparasitic fungi (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) that use bat flies (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea) as hosts. Bat flies themselves live as ectoparasites on the fur and wing membranes of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera); hence this is a tripartite parasite system. Here, we collected bats, bat flies, and Laboulbeniales, and conducted phylogenetic analyses of Laboulbeniales to contrast morphology with ribosomal sequence data. Parasitism of bat flies by Laboulbeniales arose three times independently, once in the Eastern Hemisphere (Arthrorhynchus) and twice in the Western Hemisphere (Gloeandromyces, Nycteromyces). We hypothesize that the genera Arthrorhynchus and Nycteromyces evolved independently from lineages of ectoparasites of true buge (Hemiptera). We assessed phylogenetic diversity of the genus Gloeandromyces by considering the LSU rDNA region. Phenotypic plasticity and position-induced morphological adaptations go hand in hand. Different morphotypes belong to the same phylogenetic species. Two species, G. pageanus and G. streblae, show divergence by host utilization. In our assessement of coevolution, we only observe congruence between the Old World clades of bat flies and Laboulbeniales. The other associations are the result of the roosting ecology of the bat hosts. This study has considerably increased our knowledge about bats and their associated ectoparasites and shown the necessity of including molecular data in Laboulbeniales taxonomy. KEYWORDSAscomycota, ectoparasites, host specialization, phenotypic plasticity, ribosomal DNA, taxonomy本数据集包含针对双基因数据集（SSU+LSU，即小亚基核糖体RNA（Small Subunit rRNA）与大亚基核糖体RNA（Large Subunit rRNA））开展BEAST（贝叶斯进化分析采样树，Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees）分析的输出日志文件，分析采用广义时间可逆+不变位点核苷酸替换模型（General Time Reversible + Invariable Sites model）。本次分析共设置4次独立运算，每轮迭代时长为8000万代。 ——Haelewaters等人，2018年。《蝙蝠蝇的Laboulbeniales（虫囊菌目）超寄生真菌（真菌界、子囊菌门）：独立起源与宿主关联》，DOI:10.1002/ece3.4359 摘要 本研究旨在探究以蝙蝠蝇（双翅目，虱蝇总科）为宿主的外寄生真菌（子囊菌门，Laboulbeniales，虫囊菌目）的多样性。蝙蝠蝇本身作为外寄生物栖息于蝙蝠（哺乳纲，翼手目）的皮毛与翼膜之上，因此本研究涉及三重寄生系统。研究团队采集了蝙蝠、蝙蝠蝇与Laboulbeniales，并针对该类群开展系统发育分析，以对比形态学特征与核糖体序列数据。 Laboulbeniales对蝙蝠蝇的寄生现象共独立起源三次：一次出现于东半球（Arthrorhynchus），两次出现于西半球（Gloeandromyces、Nycteromyces）。本研究推测，Arthrorhynchus与Nycteromyces两属分别从半翅目（Hemiptera）真虫的外寄生支系独立演化而来。 我们通过分析LSU rDNA区域，评估了Gloeandromyces属的系统发育多样性。表型可塑性与宿主位置诱导的形态适应紧密相关，不同形态型隶属于同一系统发育物种。G. pageanus与G. streblae这两个物种依据宿主利用方式出现了分化。在协同进化分析中，我们仅观察到蝙蝠蝇与Laboulbeniales的旧世界支系存在共分支一致性，其余关联模式均由蝙蝠宿主的栖息生态学特征所决定。 本研究大幅拓展了我们对蝙蝠及其相关外寄生物的认知，并证实了在Laboulbeniales分类学研究中纳入分子数据的必要性。 关键词 子囊菌门、外寄生真菌、宿主特化、表型可塑性、核糖体DNA、分类学