CLINICAL AND HORMONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPOTHALAMIC–PITUITARY DYSFUNCTION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL–AGED CHILDREN AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is a significant medical and social problem due to its potential long-term neurological and endocrine consequences. Among these, hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction represents one of the most underdiagnosed but clinically important complications. This article analyzes the clinical and hormonal manifestations of hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction in primary school–aged children following traumatic brain injury. The study highlights the spectrum of neuroendocrine disorders, their pathophysiological mechanisms, and diagnostic challenges. Understanding early clinical and hormonal changes is essential for timely diagnosis, appropriate management, and prevention of long-term complications in pediatric patients.儿童创伤性脑损伤（Traumatic brain injury, TBI）是一类严重的医学与社会问题，因其可引发长期神经及内分泌后遗症。其中，下丘脑-垂体功能障碍（hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction）是最易被漏诊但临床意义重大的并发症之一。本文分析了学龄儿童创伤性脑损伤后下丘脑-垂体功能障碍的临床与激素学表现。本研究阐述了神经内分泌紊乱的谱型、其病理生理机制及诊断难点。早期识别临床与激素学变化，对于儿科患者的及时诊断、合理诊疗及预防远期并发症至关重要。