Physicochemical properties and effect of bioceramic root canal filling for primary teeth on osteoblast biology

Abstract Bio-C Pulpecto (Bio-CP) was recently developed as the first bioceramic root filling material for primary teeth. Objective To evaluate the physicochemical properties of radiopacity, setting time, pH, cytocompatibility and potential of Bio-CP to induce mineralisation, compared with (1) Calen thickened with zinc oxide (Calen-ZO), and (2) zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE). Methodology Physicochemical properties were evaluated according to ISO 6876. Saos-2 (human osteoblast-like cell line) exposed to extracts of the materials were subjected to assays of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, neutral red, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralised nodule production. The results were analysed using one-way or two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s or Bonferroni’s post-tests (α=0.05). Results All the materials showed radiopacity higher than 3 mm Al. Bio-CP had lower pH than Calen-ZO, but higher pH than ZOE. Calen-ZO and Bio-CP did not set. The setting time for ZOE was 110 min. The cytocompatibility order was Calen-ZO > Bio-CP > ZOE (1:2, 1:4 dilutions) and Calen-ZO > Bio-CP = ZOE (1:12, 1:24 dilutions) and Calen-ZO = Bio-CP > ZOE (1:32 dilution). Bio-CP induced greater ALP activity at 7 days, and greater mineralised nodule production, compared to Calen-ZO (p<0.05). Conclusions Bio-CP showed adequate physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility and potential to induce mineralisation.

摘要：Bio-C牙髓切断充填材料（Bio-C Pulpecto，Bio-CP）是首款专为乳牙开发的生物陶瓷根管充填材料。
目的：本研究旨在评估Bio-CP的不透射线性、凝固时间、pH值、细胞相容性及其诱导矿化的潜力，并分别与（1）经氧化锌增稠的Calen（Calen-ZO）以及（2）氧化锌丁香酚糊剂（zinc oxide and eugenol，ZOE）进行对比。
方法：根据ISO 6876标准评估材料的理化性能。将暴露于各材料浸提液的Saos-2细胞（人成骨样细胞系）进行甲基噻唑基四唑（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium）、中性红、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性及矿化结节形成检测。采用单因素或双因素方差分析（analysis of variance，ANOVA），辅以Tukey法或Bonferroni法进行事后多重比较，检验水准α=0.05。
结果：所有受试材料的不透射线性均高于3mm铝当量。Bio-CP的pH值低于Calen-ZO，但高于ZOE。Calen-ZO与Bio-CP均未发生凝固。ZOE的凝固时间为110分钟。细胞相容性排序为：在1:2、1:4稀释度下，Calen-ZO > Bio-CP > ZOE；在1:12、1:24稀释度下，Calen-ZO > Bio-CP = ZOE；在1:32稀释度下，Calen-ZO = Bio-CP > ZOE。与Calen-ZO相比，Bio-CP在培养7天时可诱导更高的ALP活性，同时产生更多的矿化结节（p<0.05）。
结论：Bio-CP具备良好的理化性能、细胞相容性及诱导矿化的潜力。